Engineering Catalytically Active Sites by Sculpting Artificial Edges on MoS2 Basal Plane for Dinitrogen Reduction at a Low Overpotential

Engineering catalytically active sites have been a challenge so far and often relies on optimization of synthesis routes, which can at most provide quantitative enhancement of active facets, however, cannot provide control over choosing orientation, geometry and spatial distribution of the active sites. Artificially sculpting catalytically active sites via laser-etching technique can provide a new prospect in this field and offer a new species of nanocatalyst for achieving superior selectivity and attaining maximum yield via absolute control over defining their location and geometry of every active site at a nanoscale precision. In this work, a controlled protocol of artificial surface engineering is shown by focused laser irradiation on pristine MoS₂ flakes, which are confirmed as catalytic sites by electrodeposition of AuNPs. The preferential Au deposited catalytic sites are found to be electrochemically active for nitrogen adsorption and its subsequent reduction due to the S-vacancies rather than Mo-vacancy, as advocated by DFT analysis. The catalytic performance of Au-NR/MoS₂ shows a high yield rate of ammonia (11.43 × 10⁻⁸ mol s⁻¹ cm⁻²) at a potential as low as −0.1 V versus RHE and a notable Faradaic efficiency of 13.79% during the electrochemical nitrogen reduction in 0.1 m HCl.     

通用型阴极电泳色浆的制备分析

彩色阴极电泳涂料是未来发展的必然趋势,那么彩色通用型阴极电泳色浆是将来生产彩色阴极电泳涂料的首选着色剂.介绍了通用型阴极电泳色浆的定义、理化指标、材料选择及色浆的稳定理论,以及生产工艺和色浆的组成成分.分析了粒径对色浆性能的影响,讨论了体系中颜料与液态组分的最优化确定方法.这对生产通用型阴极电泳色浆有一定的指导意义.     

杂质铜离子对电镀镍层组织形貌及耐蚀性的影响

目的 研究电镀镍液中存在的铜离子杂质对电镀镍层微观组织和耐蚀性能的影响。方法 以五水合硫酸铜的形式向电镀镍液中加入不同质量浓度(5、10、30 mg/L)的铜离子杂质,并以初始配制的电镀镍液(0 mg/L Cu²⁺)为空白组对照。选用低电流密度(0.5 A/dm²)在Q235钢上电镀镍层,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学分析技术对电镀镍层的表面微观形貌、晶体织构、表面各元素化学态信息及耐蚀性能进行表征和分析。结果 随着电镀镍液中铜离子浓度的增加,镍层的颜色逐渐变灰,外观质量降低。当电镀镍液中铜离子的含量在工业容忍度范围内时(≤10 mg/L),镍层的颜色较为光亮,晶粒尺寸较小且均匀。当铜离子的浓度大于工业容忍度时(>10 mg/L),晶粒开始变得粗大,且尺寸不均匀。镍晶的生长方式并未改变,仍以螺旋位错的方式进行生长。镀液中存在的铜离子改变了镍晶体的结构,主峰的衍射角度向大角度发生偏移,半峰宽逐渐变大,晶面间距减小,同时影响了镍晶体的择优生长取向,晶粒逐渐由(111)和(200)面转为(111)和(220)面生长。XPS测试结果显示,铜离子浓度的增加导致镍的析出效率降低,铜离子在镍层中析出,并以单质铜和氧化铜的形式存在于镍层中。电化学测试结果表明,电镀镍液中存在的铜离子降低了镍层的耐蚀性能。当铜离子的质量浓度从0 mg/L增加至30 mg/L时,镍层在质量分数为3.5%的NaC1溶液中的开路电位(OCP)逐渐降低,自腐蚀电位由?0.487 mV降至?0.547 mV,自腐蚀电流密度由7.898 9 μA/cm²增加至17.316 μA/cm²。电化学阻抗模值和相位角变小,电荷转移电阻(Rct)由1 798 Ω.cm²减小至851 Ω.cm²。结论 在瓦特液中,微量铜离子杂质会导致镍结晶粗大,镀层外观灰暗。镍层中的杂质铜原子会引起一定程度的晶格畸变,使晶格常数变小,晶粒生长择优取向发生改变。随着铜离子杂质浓度的增加,电镀镍层在质量分数3.5%的NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电流密度增大,阻抗值相应地降低,抗腐蚀性能下降。     

预置活性物前驱体脉冲电沉积制备DMFC电极

预先将活性物前驱体置于碳黑层的Nafion微粒体内,利用脉冲电沉积法,使Pt或Pt合金优先沉积于Nafion与碳黑的接合部,以提高催化剂层贵金属的有效率.实验采用循环伏安法(CV)测定电极电催化活性,用XRD、EDS、TEM技术表征催化剂微观结构及金属微粒的元素组成.结果表明,toff/ton=3:1,WPtRu/wc=40%,Pt、Ru原子比为1:1,金属微粒的比表面积为92 m2·g-1、粒径为3.2nm,甲醇峰电流密度达到82 mA·cm-2,活性物的有效率达到79.1%.     

镍基-碳纳米管电化学复合镀层的摩擦磨损行为

镍基-碳纳米管复合镀层是将不同含量的碳纳米管和镍通过电化学沉积的方法共同沉积在中碳钢基质中。在没有添加任何润滑油的情况下,采用销-盘摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层进行了摩擦磨损试验,结果显示,摩擦因数和磨损率都随着碳纳米管含量的升高而逐渐下降,耐磨性能显著提高。     

微型超级电容器PPy/GO-RuO2复合膜电极的制备与电化学性能

为了解决氧化钌(RuO₂)沉积电位过高, 难以在三维微结构金属集流体上直接沉积的问题, 提出采用分步电沉积方法在微三维结构镍(Ni)集流体上制备RuO₂复合膜电极, 即先在三维微结构Ni集流体上沉积聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯(PPy/GO)薄膜作为基底, 经热处理后, 在基底上二次沉积出RuO₂颗粒, 最后再对RuO₂复合薄膜进行二次热处理。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察显示, 随着热处理温度的升高, 薄膜表面多孔结构增多, 达到了提高膜电极结构孔隙分布的目的。能量分散谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)表明, 薄膜中无定形RuO₂·xH₂O的存在保证了膜电极的大比容量。电化学性能测试结果表明, 经105℃处理后的膜电极电化学性能最佳, 比电容为28.5 mF/cm², 能量密度为0.04 Wh/m², 功率密度为14.25 W/m²。采用分步电沉积方法制备出的RuO₂复合薄膜是一种良好的MEMS超级电容器电极材料。     

Fe-P非晶合金的电沉积行为及热处理对其结构与性能的影响

在以柠檬酸三钠为络合剂的酸性镀液中电沉积Fe-P非晶合金,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究该合金镀层的晶化行为和表面微观形貌。结果表明:镀液中加入络合剂,且随着pH值升高和温度降低时,Fe-P非晶合金共沉积的阴极极化增大。镀态Fe-P合金为非晶态结构,于330.5℃时开始晶化;383.6℃时,α-Fe(P)固溶体大量晶化析出;472.5℃时,Fe3P(I-4)相大量脱溶析出。且随着热处理温度升高,合金镀层的耐蚀性能和硬度先增加后下降,450℃热处理所得镀层的耐蚀性能最佳且硬度最大;在400℃以下时,镀膜具有良好的抗热氧化能力,当温度在400℃以上时,抗氧化能力迅速下降。     

Structure and photoluminescence properties of Ag-coated ZnO nano-needles

A large number of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-needles were synthesized by thermal oxidation of pure zinc. The surfaces of ZnO nano-needles were coated with a layer of Ag by pulse electro-deposition technique. The uncoated and coated ZnO nano-needles were characterized by using the X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the uncoated samples were close-packed hexagonal structure, which showed needle-like morphology. Their average diameter is about 40 nm, lengths up to 5 μm. At the same time we observed that the prepared ZnO nano-needles have been coated with Ag successfully. The photoluminescence spectrums of ZnO nano-needles with Ag-coated and uncoated were analyzed, finding that the uncoated ZnO nano-needles have two fluorescence peaks at 388 nm and 470.8 nm, respectively, the relative intensity of 143.4 and 93.61; and the Ag-coated ZnO nano-needles showed a pair of strong peaks at 387.4 nm and 405.2 nm, the relative intensity of 1366 and 1305, respectively, indicating that the Ag-coated ZnO nano-needles can increase the absorption of UV light.     

Ni-Mo-P活性阴极制备及析氢行为的研究

采用电化学方法将Ni-Mo-P合金镀覆于低碳钢表面并形成活性阴极,评价其析氢过电位和真实表面积.结果表明,最佳镀覆工艺条件为电流密度0.03A/cm~2、镀液温度40℃、钼酸盐质量浓度3g/L.当阴极极化电流密度为0.18A/cm~2时,Ni-Mo-P活性阴极析氢过电位较镀覆前低碳钢阴极降低约300mV;其真实表面积为10.8cm~2,粗糙度为5.4,较低碳钢阴极增加约1倍,能显著降低氯碱工业电解槽的电耗水平.     

电沉积法制备DSSCs的CNTs对电极

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为原料,采用电沉积方法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极。研究了电沉积过程中外加电压、水浴温度、沉积时间对CNTs对电极及其组装电池性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜对CNTs薄膜的表面形貌进行表征,通过电池的短路电流密度、开路电压、填充因子和光电转换效率等指标来表征CNTs对电极组装电池的性能。结果表明,当外加电压为20V、电沉积时间为10min、水浴温度为65℃时,CNTs对电极组装的电池光电转换性能最佳,为3.77%。