Electrochemical micromachining using a solid electrochemical reaction at the metal/β″-Al2O3 microcontact

A simple solid state technique for electrochemical micromachining of metal substrates using a metal ion conductor (Na-β″-Al₂O₃) was proposed. The fundamental solid electrochemical cell consists of a (anode) metal substrate (M = Ag, Cu, Zn, and Pb)/pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃/Ag (cathode) system, where the contact diameter between M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ was extremely small, on the order of a few micrometer. Under an applied electric field, the metal substrate was electrochemically oxidized to metal ions (Mⁿ⁺) at the M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ microcontact. These Mⁿ⁺ ions migrated into the Na-β″-Al₂O₃. As a result of continuous electrolysis, the metal substrate was locally consumed at the microcontact, and thus solid state electrochemical micromachining was accomplished. As expected, the machining size or depth depended on the electrolysis conditions (current, operating time) and the apex configuration of pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the scanning of the Na-β″-Al₂O₃ pyramid during electrolysis produced a fine patterned metal substrate. In the present paper, solid state electrochemical micromachining was performed for several metal substrates, and its advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the conventional electrochemical micromachining method are discussed in detail.     

Characterization of boron-doped diamond electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Charge transfer on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The diamond films of 5 μm thickness and boron content between 200 ppm and 3000 ppm were prepared by the hot filament CVD technique on niobium substrate and mounted in a Teflon holder as rotating disk electrodes. The electrochemical measurements were carried out in aqueous electrolyte solutions of 0.5 M Na₂ SO ₄ + 5 mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆]/K₄[Fe(CN)₆]. Significant deviation in the redox behaviour of BDD and active Pt electrodes was indicated by a shift of the peak potentials in the cyclic voltammograms with increasing sweep rate and lower limiting diffusion current densities under rotating disk conditions. In the impedance spectra an additional capacitive element appeared at high frequencies. The potential and rotation dependence of the impedance spectra can be described quantitatively in terms of a model based on diffusion controlled charge transfer on partially blocked electrode surfaces. Direct evidence for the non-homogeneous current distribution on the diamond surface was obtained by SECM measurements.     

环氧涂层/镀锌板电极系统腐蚀电化学行为

利用EIS研究环氧型有机涂层的腐蚀电化学行为。在浸泡初期阻抗谱是一个时间常数的单容抗弧,阻抗值基本不变,此时漆膜能够阻止介质渗入。在浸泡中期阻抗值随时间逐渐增大,原因为镀锌钢板表面预处理层的铬酸盐自修复作用以及铬酸盐转化膜溶解物和腐蚀产物沉积堵塞漆膜微孔隙,阻止介质渗入到达镀锌钢板表面,导致阻抗值变大。后期,预处理膜完全溶解破坏,金属基体腐蚀反应加快,阻抗值变小.     

Effects of chromium on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels

The effects of chromium on the corrosion and the electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels were studied by the salt spray test and electrochemical methods. The results show that ultra high strength steels remain martensite structures and have anodic dissolu-tion characteristic with an increase of chromium content There is no typical passive region on the polarization curves of an ultra high strength stainless steel, AerMet 100 steel, and 300M steel However, chromium improves the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel re-markably. It has the slowest corrosion rate in the salt spray test, one order of magnitude less than that of AerMet 100 and 300M steels. With the increase of chromium content, the polarization resistance becomes larger, the corrosion potential shifts towards the positive direction with a value of 545 mV, and the corrosion current density decreases in electrochemical measures in 3.5wr% NaCl solutions. Because of the higher content of chromium, the ultra high strength stainless steel has a better corrosion resistance than AerMet 100 and 300M steels.     

Hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel

The hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior of X80 pipeline steel was studied by means of electrochemical charging, hydrogen permeation tests, tension test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the increase of charging time and charging current density or the decrease of the solution pH value leads to an increase of the hydrogen content in X80 steel, which plays a key role in the initiation and propagation of HIC. It is found that the majority of macro-inclusions w...     

Additive-aided electrochemical deposition of bismuth telluride in a basic electrolyte

A new basic electrolyte with two cationic plating additives,polydiaminourea and polyaminosulfone,was investigated for the electrochemical deposition of the bismuth telluride film on a nickel-plated copper foil.Tellurium starts to deposit at a higher potential(-0.35 V) than bismuth(-0.5 V) in this electrolyte.The tellurium-to-bismuth ratio increases while the deposition potential declines from-1 to-1.25 V, indicating a kinetically quicker bismuth deposition at higher potentials.The as-deposited film featu...     

Influence of nitrogen hetero-substitution on the electrochemical performance of coal-based activated carbons measured in non-aqueous electrolyte

Nitrogen-containing carbons were prepared by modification of activated carbons. The modified carbons were used as electrode materials with improved electrochemical performance. Precursor anthracite was activated by KOH (KOH: anthracite= 1:1), modified by melamine or urea and then treated at 1173 K to obtain the modified carbons. The porous structure, the chemical composition and the electrochemical characteristics of the carbons were investigated by nitrogen sorption, XPS and electrochemical methods respectively. Electrochemical experiments were performed in an organic electrolytic solution of 1 M (C2H5)4NBF4/PC.The samples modified by the different methods showed differences in chemical composition that introduced varying degrees of electrochemical performance enhancement. The presence of nitrogen enhanced the electron donor properties and the surface wettability of the activated carbons: this ensured a sufficient utilization of the exposed surface for charge storage.     

Mg2+掺杂的LiFePO4材料的共沉淀合成与表征

提出了一种采用共沉淀法合成镁掺杂的锂离子正极材料LiFePO4的新方法,研究了合成条件,采用XRD,SEM,循环伏安测定,电化学阻抗谱分析,以及充放电测试对合成的材料作了表征分析．结果表明,采用共沉淀合成方法可以获得性能良好的LiFePO4;Mg^2＋掺杂对LiFePO4结构没有产生明显的影响,但掺杂量的大小对LiFePO4的放电性能有较大影响．     

电化学除氯处理后的混凝土微观结构研究

为了研究电化学除氯对混凝土中离子分布和微观结构的影响规律,采用压汞法、SEM电子显微镜分析等方法对电化学除氯后不同水灰比混凝土试件中钢筋附近和表面层的氯离子和钾钠离子含量、孔隙结构、显微结构进行对比分析.结果显示,电化学除氯后,钢筋附近混凝土与外层混凝土相比,氯离子含量约为1/2,钾离子含量约为5～10倍,钠离子含量约为8～18倍,水化物颗粒间结合不连续、部分水化产物分解.钢筋附近区域混凝土中的氯离子含量明显低于外表层混凝土,钾、钠离子在钢筋阴极附近大量聚集.经过电化学处理后的混凝土试件钢筋附近区域的孔隙率和大孔含量增多,结构疏松;而外表层混凝土结构致密,孔隙细化,水化产物成网络状结合良好.     

Effect of acetic acid on electrochemical deposition of carbon-nitride thin film

Electrochemical deposition method was employed to prepare CNx thin film from methanol-urea solution,and it was shown that adding a little acetic acid in the solution significantly affected the deposition process.After optimizing the experiment conditions,we obtained polycrystalline grains with sizes of about 3―7μm on the faces of single crystal silicon.X-ray diffraction spectrua indicate that the grains are mainly composed of cubic phase mixed with a small amount of β and α phases.