玻璃电极吸附对pH值测定影响的研究(Ⅰ)——高分子、胶体溶液中pH值的测定

本文在国内首次报道了在高分子和胶体溶液中用玻璃电极测定 pH 值时具有吸附作用,并在相同溶液中与锑电极作了对比试验。文中对玻璃电极的吸附机理做了理论上的分析,两电极的差异(△pH)是由于玻璃电极吸附所致,并将两电极用于皮革生产中,绘制了两电极的△pH 关系图。     

双相介质与流体平面分层时的Stonely波

本文对双相介质与流体介质平面分层情况下的 Stonely 波作了理论分析和计算。导出了关于 Stonely 波复波数的频散方程,在低频城内对此频散方程进行了数值求解,得到频散曲线和衰减曲线及偏振特性。结果表明:(1) 低频域内存在轻微的负频散;(2) 具有强衰减性,衰减系数与频率、孔隙度和渗透系数间存在敏感的增函数关系;(3) 固相质点的偏振特性与均匀弹性固体自由界面上的瑞利波的偏振有某些类似之处;(4) 流体半空间内压力波的振幅随深度单调衰减。     

海水中921钢及其焊接接头的腐蚀性能——微区电极电位测定和腐蚀行为研究Ⅰ

应用针状扫描微参比电极,进行了天然海水中921钢及其焊接接头电位分布测定和局部腐蚀动态过程的行为研究。试验所得三维扫描电位分布图直观、准确地显示了试件表面电位的分布,腐蚀活性点的发生与发展,阳极区及阴极区的位置及随时间的变化关系,极化状态的试验结果还为材料的保护提供了很好的数据。     

合金元素对铸造奥氏体不锈钢组织及耐蚀性能的影响

研究了Cr、Mo等合金元素对铸造奥氏体不锈钢析出相的成份、结构及形貌的影响。测定七种铸造奥氏体不锈钢在20％H_2SO_4及含有不同Cl~-浓度的20％H_2SO_4中的均匀腐蚀速度、稳定电位和极化曲线。实验结果表明:合金元素Cr、Mo促进了针状σ相析出;合金元素Cr、Mo、Cu不同程度地提高了钢的抗均匀腐蚀性能和抗点蚀性能。     

单站雷达系统的极化匹配系数

在通讯系统中天线的极化匹配系数这一概念的基础上,根据雷达目标应用中的最优极化状态的分析,提出了单站雷达系统中天线的共极化匹配系数,交叉极化匹配系数和自适应极化匹配系数的新概念,并给出了便于计算的表达式。     

中性载体PVC膜pH电极的制备与应用

研制了中性载体三辛胺ＰＶＣ膜ｐＨ电极,其响应的ｐＨ线性范围为２．５～１２．３,斜率５３．６ｍＶ／ｐＨ,并用于水样和含Ｆ离子水样ｐＨ测定。     

Covalent attachment of single-stranded DNA to carbon paste electrode modified by activated carboxyl groups

A new method of the electrode modification and DNA immobilization for a biosensor is reported. Outer layer of a conventional carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with carboxyl groups by mixing stearic acid with the paste. Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid was attached to the modified electrode through a linker - ethylenediamine. Immobilization process was performed in the presence of activators - water soluble 1-ethyl-3(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS). Stearic acid concentration and other experimental parameters of the procedure were optimized. Covalent immobilization of DNA on the electrode surface exhibits some advantages as compared to simple adsorption mainly due to the fact that nucleic acid chains are bound to an electrode surface by one end only and it ensures structural flexibility and increases hybridization without DNA leakage. Modified electrode with immobilized (21-mer) oligonucleotide as a specific probe was successfully applied in preliminary investigations for the detection of bar gene commonly used in genetically modified food.     

Experimental Electrohydrodynamic Nanospray Production Using Drawn Glass Capillaries

This article describes a simple and low-cost method of fabricating glass capillary nanospray emitter sources, and, if required, inserting a charging electrode. Initial experimental work employing such a source is described, whose results suggest that whilst the positioning of the charging electrode relative to the orifice influences the charging current and spray considerably, this position may not correspond with that previously reported as being ideal for electrospray systems one or two orders of magnitude greater.     

Study of the influence of some organics as thiourea derivatives and butindiol in steel pickling baths

The corrosion inhibition effect of the following organic additives: 2‐butin‐1,4‐diol (BD), N,N′‐dimethylthiourea (DMTU), N,N′‐diethylthiourea (DETU) and N,N′‐diisopropylthiourea (DITU), in steel pickling baths (sulphuric acid solutions) was studied by means of weight loss and electrochemical measurements like open circuit potential (OCP), polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A significant decrease in the corrosion rate was observed in presence of the investigated compounds depending on the nature and the concentration of the additives. The weight loss experiments show an inhibitory efficiency that reaches values beyond 98 %. The protective effect increases with the enlargement of the lateral chain size in the case of the thioureas. The electrochemical experiments show also a protective effect of the organic additives against corrosion. Their adsorptive behaviour is found to follow the Langmuir model.     

Phase Formations and Electrical Properties of Various (Bi, La)4Ti3O12 Thin Films by Chemical Solution Deposition

The phase formation and electrical properties of (Bi, La)₄Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) thin film and V-, Sm-doped BLT thin films prepared by the chemical solution deposition method on Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si substrates have been investigated. It was observed that the microstructure and electrical properties of BLT thin films dramatically varied with V- and Sm-doping. The crystallinity and grain size of BLT thin films were definitely increased by V- and Sm-doping into BLT films, which resulted in the enhancement of remanent polarization in doped BLT films. The remanent polarization (Pr) of Sm-doped BLT films annealed for 3 min by an RTA system was about 9 C/cm². The V- and Sm-doped BLT films also exhibited good fatigue characteristics under bipolar stressing to 10¹⁰ cycles.