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31.
32.
发射尖是液态金属离子源(LMIS)的关键部件之一,其性能的优劣直接影响到整个离子源的工作稳定性。通过对系统软件和硬件的设计,开发了一套发射尖自动腐蚀装置,该装置可以对发射尖腐蚀过程中的速度和深度以及腐蚀电压进行控制,实现发射尖腐蚀工艺的重复性、可靠性,从而为液态金属离子源以及聚焦离子束系统的研制、开发提供了一个有效的辅助工具。 相似文献
33.
J. Gegner 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(3):290-297
Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO2, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al2O3 or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO2 was observed. 相似文献
34.
A model for vibrations of a beam with a slider is derived, analysed and numerically simulated. It describes a viscoelastic beam that is clamped at one end to a vibrating device, while the other end moves between two stops attached to a slider. The contact is described by the normal compliance or by the Signorini conditions. The existence of weak solutions is established using the theory of set-valued pseudomonotone operators. The model is discretized using fourth-order spatial discretization, the solutions are numerically simulated and their results presented. The dynamics of the vibrations are depicted and so are the noise characteristics of the system. 相似文献
35.
游梁式抽油机二次平衡分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为解决游梁式抽油机能耗大、效率低的问题,设计了二次平衡装置。这种装置通过是挂在抽油机后端的平衡重的平衡作用,降低一次平衡曲柄轴净扭矩的两个峰值,达到减少能耗提高效率的目的。对抽油机的二次平衡作了较详尽的理论分析,给出了实行二次平衡后曲柄轴净扭矩的计算公式和安装二次平衡装置前后曲柄轴净扭矩曲线图。在大庆油田两口井上进行的现场试验结果表明,安装二次平衡装置后,两口井年节约电费分别为0.25万元和1.17万元,经济效益明显。 相似文献
36.
把瞬态记录仪Biomation8l00与微型计算机IBM─pC/XT联接建成了一个高速数据采集系统,本文介绍了系统的硬件接口设计及软件设计。在超声分子束条件下,把它应用于环氧乙烷(C_2H_4O)的多光子电离与离解飞行时间(MPID─TOF)质谱的实验研究中,并给出了实验结果;本系统在微观基元化学反应动力学实验研究中广泛适用于对时间分辨微弱信号的探测。 相似文献
37.
Biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in aquifer columns amended with hydrogen peroxide and nitrate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ability of indigenous microorganisms to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in laboratory scale flow-through aquifer columns was tested separately with hydrogen peroxide (110 mg/l) and nitrate (330 mg/l as NO3−) amendments to air-saturated influent nutrient solution. The continuous removal of individual components from all columns relative to the sterile controls provided evidence for biodegradation. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the indigeneous microorganisms degraded benzene and toluene (> 95%), meta- plus para-xylene (80%) and ortho-xylene (70%). Nitrate addition resulted in 90% removal of toluene and 25% removal of ortho-xylene. However, benzene, ethylbenzene, meta- and para-xylene concentrations were not significantly reduced after 42 days of operation. Following this experiment, low dissolved oxygen (< 1 mg/l) conditions were initiated with the nitrate-amended column influent in order to mimic contaminated groundwater conditions distal from a nutrient injection well. Toluene continued to be effectively degraded (> 90%), and more than 25% of the benzene, 40% of the ethylbenzene, 50% of the meta- plus para-xylenes and 60% of the ortho-xylene were removed after several months of operation. 相似文献
38.
本文研究了金属(Cu)/金属(Ag衬底)系统的荷能束辐照引起的表面偏析现象。观察到Cu在多晶Ag衬底上溅射淀积过程中,Ag原子在Cu膜表面的偏析,且淀积Cu原子能量越大,Ag原子偏析程度越大,即观察到了淀积Cu原子10~(-1)~1eV量级的平均能量差异对膜层表面偏析行为的影响。对溅射淀积所得膜层进行keV量级的离子束辐照,Ag原子的表面偏析程度更甚。 相似文献
39.
Critical-point drying and freeze drying were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively as preparative procedures for scanning electron microscopy. Isolated hepatocytes were used as model cells. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy was used for light microscopic measurements of the hepatocytes in the unfixed, the glutaraldehyde fixed, the glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed, the critical-point dried and the freeze dried states. Critical-point dried hepatocytes were found to shrink to 38% of glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed volume, whereas optimal freeze dried hepatocytes (frozen in water saturated with chloroform and freeze dried at 183 K for 84 h) were found to shrink to 51% of glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed volume. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs of the critical-point dried cells showed well-preserved ultrastructure and surface structure. Micrographs of the freeze dried cells showed ultrastructure destroyed by internal ice crystals and surface structure destroyed by external ice crystals. Double-fixed isolated hepatocytes were shown to swell during storage in buffer and to shrink during storage after critical-point drying. For low magnification scanning electron microscopy (up to about 3000 times) both critical-point drying and freeze drying can be used. However, for high magnification scanning electron microscopy, critical-point drying is superior to freeze drying. 相似文献
40.
磷钨酸乙醇染色法在嗜铬颗粒电镜X射线显微分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过比较常规透射电镜制样法、快速冷冻固定-冷冻超薄切片法及磷钨酸乙醇(EPTA)染色法在嗜铬颗粒透射电镜X射线显微分析中的应用,发现磷钨酸乙醇染色法能使嗜铬颗粒电子着色,从而较好地显示嗜铬颗粒的超微结构。同时磷钨酸乙醇染色法也以在一定程度上原位保留生物样品中元素,可以应用于检测样品元素含量的变化或比较样品元素含量的组间差别,提示磷钨酸乙醇染色法是一种可应用于透射电镜X射线显微分析的经济简便的生物样品制备方法。 相似文献