含支撑阶梯梁自由振动的解析型梁段叠加法

针对多跨阶梯梁尚无简洁解析形式固有频率方程的现状,本文得到含支撑多跨阶梯梁频率方程的解析形式.首先基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,获得两端弹性约束单跨梁的频率方程,其表达式由梁坐标的三角函数和双曲三角函数的乘积组成,同时含有两端边界对应的横向刚度、旋转刚度等4个参数.给出至少含一个弹簧刚度约束的6种常见边界条件下梁的频率方程,其形式相对较简洁.然后把阶梯截面多跨梁的自由振动等效为各拆分梁段自由振动叠加的分析模型,结合所提出梁段连接节点处微段满足的动平衡方程,推导出多跨阶梯梁频率方程组的闭合解表达式.对于具有不同边界条件和内部支撑多跨梁的几种情况,算例计算出对应多跨梁的前几阶自振频率和振型图.阶梯形截面多跨梁与等截面多跨梁的频率方程可用统一的形式表示.所得解析结果与已有文献结果比较后发现：所得解析解同有限元结果的相对偏差小于1%,说明本文方法合理有效.阶梯多跨梁的自振频率随支撑刚度值、支撑杆位置和突变截面前后的惯性半径、惯性矩变化而变化.所得解析形式的频率方程在理论上未作近似,因此是精确的,形式上相对简单,具有良好的应用价值,故可用于评价其他数值方法的计算精度.     

一种基于束状搜索的组合分类器修剪方法

以现有组合分类器修剪方法为基础,从增大搜索空间的角度出发,提出一种基于束状搜索的组合分类器修剪方法,在每一步增加或删除一个基分类器时都保存最优的前k个组合。该方法既保持了爬山搜索算法的高效剪枝特性,又能有效减小其过快收敛到局部最优解的可能性,使修剪得到的组合基分类器更接近于全局最优。与传统组合分类器修剪方法的对比结果表明,该方法修剪所得的组合分类器具有更高的分类准确率,并且组合规模也有所降低。     

双晶压电悬臂梁俘能器的建模与仿真

针对双晶片悬臂梁式压电俘能器的优化问题,考虑悬臂梁末端位移与质量块质心位移的差异,对Roundy数学模型进行了修正.通过ANSYS有限元软件对俘能器建模并进行模态分析和谐响应分析,当质量块长度逐渐变大时,修正后数学模型对俘能器一阶固有频率和输出电压有更好的预测精度.研究了质量块形状和负载对俘能器输出特性的影响规律,发现在质量块质量不变时,提高质量块的质心高度能提高俘能器的发电能力,对俘能器的结构优化具有借鉴意义.     

Numerical simulations of cantilever beam response with saturation control and full modal coupling

Numerical simulations of the response of a uniform, cantilever beam subjected to a base excitation are performed. A saturation absorber is implemented to control the beam response. In previous investigations of similar configurations, the inertial and structural properties of the piezoelectric actuators have been neglected, resulting in an analytical model of a uniform beam. This investigation includes the nonuniformities in the beam properties that are introduced when piezoelectric actuators are bonded to the uniform beam. The resulting coupling between uniform, cantilever beam modes is fully included in the analytical model. It is shown that this modal coupling has a significant effect on the beam response, which is not present when modal coupling is neglected.     

基于光纤光栅的钢轨受力状态监测技术研究

钢轨状态监测对列车的安全运营具有重要意义.基于光纤光栅传感技术,采用钢轨三维梁模型对轴向应变、竖向和横向曲率进行测量.与传统一维测量模型相比,该方法可以同时测量钢轨竖、横向曲率和轴向力.通过实验室静态轴向加载试验对比了一维和三维模型,验证了三维模型的有效性与优势.     

Hysteretic Nonlinearity Observer Design Based on Kalman Filter for Piezo-actuated Flexible Beams with Control Applications

Piezoelectric actuators fundamentally possess hysteresis behavior. Estimation of the hysteresis is usually demanded for enhancing the performance of piezo-actuated systems. This paper presents an observer-based scheme to estimate the hysteresis in piezo—actuated flexible beams. The observer is based on a nonlinearity observer method. The discrete-time Kalman-filter algorithm is adopted for determination of the observer gains. The major advantages of the presented scheme include ease of implementation and robustness to uncertainty of hysteresis parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the observer is able to estimate the hysteresis efficiently and has better robustness compared to the previous scheme existing in the literature. The present scheme was also successfully applied to a real-life system. Moreover, a control application example is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.     

光纤Bragg 光栅的谐振传感实验研究

利用微悬臂梁对光纤Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅的振动传感特性进行了实验研究,其频率传感范围达到２．５ｋＨｚ,并给出了实验拟合曲线。研究表明：光纤Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅反射波长漂移的扫描平均值△λ对微悬臂梁的谐振频率υｎ响应灵敏。     

一种锥束CT中平板探测器输出图像校正方法

为了消除平板探测器缺陷在锥束CT重建切片中引起的伪影,提出一种投影图像校正方法.通过对投影图像进行暗场和增益不一致校正,推导了像元增益系数公式;对增益系数以及像元输出的期望和方差进行直方图分析以识别坏像素,根据坏像素分布特征设计相应的插补方案;通过局部屏蔽区域数据统计暗场波动幅度并逐行修正.实验结果表明,该方法使投影图像灰度分布均匀,像元输出波动和切片伪影得到有效抑制.     

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

In this article, a multilayered substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix beam‐forming network is proposed, designed, and demonstrated at 24 GHz for automotive radar system applications. The proposed low‐cost SIW structure can be used to develop a highly integrated multibeam antenna platform in automotive radar systems and other applications. In this structure, an SIW H‐plane coupler is optimized with an H‐plane slit to provide the required phase shift. A class of SIW E‐plane 3‐dB couplers in doubled layer substrate are studied and designed as the fundamental building blocks to avoid crossovers usually required in the construction of a Butler matrix. A 4 × 4 matrix is investigated and designed, which shows excellent performance over 22–26 GHz frequency band. Two types of antenna are tested with the proposed matrix scheme. First, an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) is incorporated into the Butler matrix to verify the broadband performances. Second, a longitudinal slotted waveguide antenna array is examined to generate radiation patterns in the broadside direction. Measured results agree well with simulated counterparts, thus validating the proposed multilayer SIW design concepts. In the next sections, the use as feeding networks for providing the reconfigurability operation of an antenna will be illustrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2012.     

热透镜效应对激光光束准直的影响

利用高斯光束传播定律,分析了热透镜效应对激光光束准直的影响,对两种不同的腔型做了数值模拟与计算,并计算了经具有不同MT因子的调焦望远镜系统准直后的激光光束的发散角与光斑尺寸。通过计算与分析表明,对于同一高斯光束,用MT因子较大的系统可以获得更好的准直效果,准直后光束的发散角更稳定。