一种偏心轮的加工方法

偏心轮是由电机、减速机的圆周运动转变成活塞的直线运动过程中的关键件。从简单的机床入手，根据偏心轮的工作原理及结构特点，提出偏心轮的加工方法及注意事项。     

玉米谷胱甘肽提取技术的研究

以淀粉加工副产物玉米胚为原料,经过超临界流体萃取脱脂及微波破壁处理后,采用热水浸提法提取谷胱甘肽,通过正交试验确定超临界流体萃取脱脂工艺条件为压力25MPa,萃取温度40℃,时间120min,CO2流量20L/h。在此条件下脂类物质萃取率57.03%,玉米胚粕含脂率0.72%。最佳热水浸提工艺条件为固液比1:20(g/ml)、浸提温度90℃、浸提液pH值3.0、浸提时间20min。在此条件下谷胱甘肽提取量为104mg/100g玉米胚。     

恐龙坯胎的中子活化分析研究

经揭露和中子活化分析,证实了恐龙蛋CT扫描所查出的胚胎形态是真实可靠的。各属种恐龙蛋及其内外物质经中子活化分析,证明白垩纪晚期河南西峡和江西赣州两地区都为陆相环境;恐龙蛋蛋壳的渗透性好,细菌和病毒易于侵入;各属种恐龙蛋蛋内外物质富含放射性元素和受外星球撞击与火山喷发等众多原因,致使绝大多数恐龙蛋无法正常孵化和造成绝大部分恐龙的绝灭。     

Investigation of PRDM10 and PRDM13 Expression in Developing Mouse Embryos by an Optimized PACT-Based Embryo Clearing Method

Recent developments in tissue clearing methods have significantly advanced the three-dimensional analysis of biological structures in whole, intact tissue, providing a greater understanding of spatial relationships and biological circuits. Nonetheless, studies have reported issues with maintaining structural integrity and preventing tissue disintegration, limiting the wide application of these techniques to fragile tissues such as developing embryos. Here, we present an optimized passive tissue clearing technique (PACT)-based embryo clearing method, initial embedding PACT (IMPACT)-Basic, that improves tissue rigidity without compromising optical transparency. We also present IMPACT-Advance, which is specifically optimized for thin slices of mouse embryos past E13.5. We demonstrate proof-of-concept by investigating the expression of two relatively understudied PR domain (PRDM) proteins, PRDM10 and PRDM13, in intact cleared mouse embryos at various stages of development. We observed strong PRDM10 and PRDM13 expression in the developing nervous system and skeletal cartilage, suggesting a functional role for these proteins in these tissues throughout embryogenesis.     

Automated standardization of images of Drosophila embryos

Modeling expression patterns of Drosophila, in space and time, plays a critical role to understand the development of multicellular organisms. In confocal microscopy, to produce precise quantitative data it is frequently necessary to process and analyze large amounts of digital images. Automatic preprocessing is a crucial step in this scenario, essential to standardize significant features such as orientation, size, position, direction, lighting condition and texture of embryo images. Even though a lot of efforts have been made, a robust embryo standardization strategy is still needed. In this paper, we propose the method Embrystandar. It is designed to remove background artifacts and standardize the direction and orientation of a Drosophila embryo through a sequence of automatic operations. To test its potential for large-scale image processing, Embrystandar was applied in different databases. It showed to be robust and precise, reaching more than 90% success rate.     

Blood flow through the embryonic heart outflow tract during cardiac looping in HH13–HH18 chicken embryos

Blood flow is inherently linked to embryonic cardiac development, as haemodynamic forces exerted by flow stimulate mechanotransduction mechanisms that modulate cardiac growth and remodelling. This study evaluated blood flow in the embryonic heart outflow tract (OFT) during normal development at each stage between HH13 and HH18 in chicken embryos, in order to characterize changes in haemodynamic conditions during critical cardiac looping transformations. Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography was used to simultaneously acquire both structural and Doppler flow images, in order to extract blood flow velocity and structural information and estimate haemodynamic measures. From HH13 to HH18, peak blood flow rate increased by 2.4-fold and stroke volume increased by 2.1-fold. Wall shear rate (WSR) and lumen diameter data suggest that changes in blood flow during HH13–HH18 may induce a shear-mediated vasodilation response in the OFT. Embryo-specific four-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling at HH13 and HH18 complemented experimental observations and indicated heterogeneous WSR distributions over the OFT. Characterizing changes in haemodynamics during cardiac looping will help us better understand the way normal blood flow impacts proper cardiac development.     

利用巨胚米和黑米研制婴儿营养米粉

以巨胚米和黑米为主要原料，通过挤压膨化工艺，适当添加铁、锌、钙和α-乳白蛋白，研制出适合婴儿生理特点的婴儿营养米粉，并对巨胚米和黑米在婴儿营养米粉中的应用进行了讨论。     

不同水稻品种胚芽米加工特性及其品质研究

以不同品种的水稻为材料,以留胚率为参数进行胚芽米专用水稻品种的筛选,同时进行营养成分(如灰分、蛋白质、氨基酸、直链淀粉、微量元素等)的测定,最后进行品质比较分析,进一步明确不同品种加工成胚芽米的可适性。结果发现,不同品种水稻经加工后留胚率存在较大差异,粳稻的留胚率明显高于籼稻与籼粳杂交稻,三者平均留胚率分别为76.1%、66.83%和64.96%。品质比较结果表明,在相同水稻品种的条件下,由留胚率高的水稻品种加工而成的胚芽米蛋白质、氨基酸、灰分及矿物质含量明显优于留胚率低的水稻品种。综上所述,不同品种均可加工成胚芽米,但胚芽米的品质取决于品种的类型与粒形。因此,以留胚率为指标开展胚芽米加工专用品种的选育对于提高胚芽米的产量与品质是切实可行的。     

Fertilization and early embryonic development in heifers and lactating cows in summer and lactating and dry cows in winter

Two experiments in two seasons evaluated fertilization rate and embryonic development in dairy cattle. Experiment 1 (summer) compared lactating Holstein cows (n = 27; 97.3 +/- 4.1 d postpartum [dppl; 40.0 +/- 1.5 kg milk/d) to nulliparous heifers (n = 28; 11 to 17 mo old). Experiment 2 (winter) compared lactating cows (n = 27; 46.4 +/- 1.6 dpp; 45.9 +/- 1.4 kg milk/d) to dry cows (n = 26). Inseminations based on estrus included combined semen from four high-fertility bulls. Embryos and oocytes recovered 5 d after ovulation were evaluated for fertilization, embryo quality (1 = excellent to 5 = degenerate), nuclei/embryo, and accessory sperm. In experiment 1, 21 embryos and 17 unfertilized oocytes (UFO) were recovered from lactating cows versus 32 embryos and no UFO from heifers (55% vs. 100% fertilization). Embryos from lactating cows had inferior quality scores (3.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3), fewer nuclei/embryo (19.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 36.8 +/- 3.0) but more accessory sperm (37.3 +/- 5.8 vs. 22.4 +/- 5.5/embryo) than embryos from heifers. Sperm were attached to 80% of UFO (17.8 +/- 12.1 sperm/UFO). In experiment 2, lactating cows yielded 36 embryos and 5 UFO versus 34 embryos and 4 UFO from dry cows (87.8 vs. 89.5% fertilization). Embryo quality from lactating cows was inferior to dry cows (3.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3), but embryos had similar numbers of nuclei (27.2 +/- 2.7 vs. 30.6 +/- 2.1) and accessory sperm (42.0 +/- 9.4 vs. 36.5 +/- 6.3). From 53% of the flushings from lactating cows and 28% from dry cows, only nonviable embryos were collected. Thus, embryos of lactating dairy cows were detectably inferior to embryos from nonlactating females as early as 5 d after ovulation, with a surprisingly high percentage of nonviable embryos. In addition, fertilization rate was reduced only in summer, apparently due to an effect of heat stress on the oocyte.     

小麦胚芽中磷含量的快速测定

用微波消解技术对小麦胚芽进行前处理,然后用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定了其磷含量.使用微波消解炉,实验结果表明:该法操作简单、试剂用量少、重现性好,用微波消解技术大大缩短了样品前处理的时间,适于食品中磷元素含量的测定.