集中型电源-监控应急照明系统的设计应用及推广

针对现代建筑内部空间大、通道长、出口多的特点,本文介绍集中型电源-监控应急照明系统,并与常规应急照明系统进行比较。分析结果认为,集中型电源-监控应急照明系统能为现代大型建筑提供一种更先进、更可靠的应急照明方式,值得推广。     

层次分析法在道路运输应急集结地构建中的应用

道路运输集结地的科学布局是提高道路运输应急工作的有效途径,以四川省域为研究对象,筛选确定对影响道路运输应急相关度高的6项指标,构建了9个域内道路运输应急片区,利用层次分析法进行综合比选排序,设立了域内道路运输系统的9个应急中心和10个集结地,并对其集结能力提出了量化指标,对集结地的应急作用和要求进行了说明,构建了四川省道路运输应急资源调度的有序高效的网络结点。     

A field evaluation of real-life motor vehicle accidents: Presence of unrestrained objects and their association with distribution and severity of patient injuries

Moving objects may pose an added threat to car occupants in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). However, to our knowledge, there have only been two case studies published on the subject. For the present study, accident reports and photo documentation from MVAs were collected on-scene by dedicated paramedics. Emergency medical service personnel on-scene were interviewed as necessary. Potentially harmful unrestrained objects in the involved motor vehicles (MVs) were identified and categorised by type, weight and hardness. Seatback offset by unrestrained objects was noted. The patient injury distribution (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) body regions) and severity (AIS severity scores and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) scores) were retrospectively determined from hospital and autopsy records, and their potential relationship to unrestrained objects was explored. A total of 190 accidents involving 338 MVs and 618 individuals were included. In total, 327 individuals (53%) were injured, and 61 (10%) died. 37 of 61 were not autopsied. The mean NISS was 17 (median 8, interquartile range (IQR) 1–27). Unrestrained objects were reported for 133 motor vehicles (39%) involving 293 individuals. 35% of the unrestrained objects found in the passenger compartment weighed >2 kg. In the boot, 32% of objects weighed >20 kg. Seatback offset associated with unrestrained objects was found for 45 individuals (15%). Unrestrained objects originally located in the boot (heavy luggage, groceries and tyres were the most frequently reported) had moved into the passenger compartment on impact in 27 cases, 24 of which were associated with seatback offset. An in-depth analysis was performed on 24 patients whose injuries were highly likely to be associated with unrestrained objects, as indicated by accident reports and medical documentation. Nineteen (79%) were involved in frontal collisions, and 12 (50%) died on-scene. The mean NISS was 51.7 (median 51, IQR 27–75) in the 17 (71%) patients with seatback offset and 37.2 (median 41, IQR 22.5–50) in the 7 (29%) without seatback offset. Seatback offset was associated with more severe head and thoracic injuries and an increased incidence of abdominal and pelvic injuries. Patients injured by unrestrained objects while sitting in unharmed car seats predominantly suffered head, cervical spine and thoracic injuries. Our results indicate a need for public information campaigns. The development of car backseats that can better sustain hits from heavy objects in the cargo boot is an important area for the motor vehicle production industry to explore.     

突发事件应急产品现状及趋势研究

目的突发事件具有多发、频发的特点,还可能造成严重的人员伤亡和经济损失,对于突发事件中应急产品进行相关研究,有助于厘清我国应急产业和产品的现状,预测后续的设计研发趋势,以便有效地应对各种突发事件。方法基于概念辨析和范围界定的基础,对国外文献研究借助WebofScience数据库进行收集和梳理,运用Histcite软件分析出文献间的相互脉络,定位近年热度文献,提炼研究热点方向。国内研究采用中国知网数据库内的文献进行分析,归纳国内相关研究的领域侧重点。结论国内应急产业起步晚,技术含量低,应急管理、产业规划和产品研发体系均不够完善,但科技+互联网的助力有望大幅度提升应急产品体系,并基于现有问题针对政府和企业给出了相应的建议。     

基于扩展Petri网的石化企业应急预案建模方法

构建基于指令触发的扩展Petri网石化企业应急预案模型,提出了各组织部门之间传递消息的形式化描述方法和基于指令触发的应急任务执行状态(未执行/执行中/已完成)变迁算法,并对它规定的应急处置流程和消息传递给出了详细的定义和描述。     

Analysis of the resilience of team performance during a nuclear emergency response exercise

The current work presents results from a cognitive task analysis (CTA) of a nuclear disaster simulation. Audio-visual records were collected from an emergency room team composed of individuals from 26 different agencies as they responded to multiple scenarios in a simulated nuclear disaster. This simulation was part of a national emergency response training activity for a nuclear power plant located in a developing country. The objectives of this paper are to describe sources of resilience and brittleness in these activities, identify cues of potential improvements for future emergency simulations, and leveraging the resilience of the emergency response system in case of a real disaster. Multiple CTA techniques were used to gain a better understanding of the cognitive dimensions of the activity and to identify team coordination and crisis management patterns that emerged from the simulation exercises.     

层次分析法在道路运输应急集结地构建中的应用

道路运输集结地的科学布局是提高道路运输应急工作的有效途径,以四川省域为研究对象,筛选确定对影响道路运输应急相关度高的6项指标,构建了9个域内道路运输应急片区,利用层次分析法进行综合比选排序,设立了域内道路运输系统的9个应急中心和10个集结地,并对其集结能力提出了量化指标,也对集结地的应急作用和要求进行了说明,构建了四川省道路运输应急资源调度的有序高效的网络结点。     

Proximity to chipboard industries increases the risk of respiratory and irritation symptoms in children: The Viadana study

Emissions related to wood production processes are a recognized health hazard for professionally exposed subjects. The health effects of living close to wood industries are not known, particularly in the pediatric population. We aimed at investigating if living close to chipboard industries is a health hazard for the children in the Viadana district (Northern Italy).In December 2006, all the children (3-14 years) living in the Viadana district, where two big chipboard industries are located, were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n = 3854). The children were geocoded, and the distance of their houses/schools from the closest wood plant was computed.Independently of sex, age, nationality, residential area, traffic, parents' education, passive/parental smoking, questionnaire compiler and his/her environmental concern, the children living at < 2 km from chipboard industries had a greater prevalence of respiratory (OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.60), cough/phlegm (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.88), nose/throat/mouth (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.75), eye (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.48) symptoms, school-days lost (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.48), and emergency (OR = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.11) and hospital (OR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.17, 4.18) admissions. There was an inverse dose-response relationship between the adverse health outcomes considered and the distance from the plants. The attributable fractions for the children living close to the chipboard industries were substantial, ranging from 13% (eye symptoms) to 27% (cough/phlegm).The present findings suggest that emissions from chipboard industries might have a serious impact on children's health status and should therefore be reduced and closely monitored.     

浅谈深基坑渗漏封堵

以上海普陀三村桩基础、基坑围护工程为例,介绍了对深基坑渗漏进行封堵的具体方法,着重阐述了双液注浆施工方案和聚氨酯及高压旋喷桩施工工艺,并提出了应急预案和防范措施,以期指导同类工程施工。     

浅谈消防应急灯具及其供电设计

本文指出了应急灯具 在实际工程设计和使用中存在的问题，并介绍 了消防应急灯具的类型、合理选型和供电设计。