Inside Front Cover: Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Gold Nanocrystal/Silica Superlattice Thin Films Synthesized via Sol–Gel Self‐Assembly (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2006)

The synthesis of three‐dimensionally ordered, transparent gold‐nanocrystal (NC)/silica superlattice thin films using the self‐assembly (by spin‐coating) of water‐soluble gold nanocrystal micelles and soluble silica is reported by Fan and co‐workers on p. 891. The robust, 3D NC/silica superlattice films are of interest for the development of collective optical and electronic phenomena, and, importantly, for the integration of NC arrays into device architectures. Nanocrystals and their ordered arrays hold many important applications in fields such as catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy based sensors, memory storage, and electronic and optical nanodevices. Herein, a simple and general method to synthesize ordered, three‐dimensional, transparent gold nanocrystal/silica superlattice thin films by self‐assembly of gold nanocrystal micelles with silica or organosilsesquioxane by spin‐coating is reported. The self‐assembly process is conducted under acidic sol–gel conditions (ca. pH 2), ensuring spin‐solution homogeneity and stability and facilitating the formation of ordered and transparent gold nanocrystal/silica films. The monodisperse nanocrystals are organized within inorganic host matrices as a face‐centered cubic mesostructure, and characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction.     

基于改进时间序列方法的HRG输出建模预测

针对半球谐振陀螺仪的输出可能不符合时间序列分析的平稳性要求的问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解的改进时间序列灰色预测方法,该方法将经验模态分解、时间序列建模和灰色预测结合起来。首先利用经验模态分解对陀螺仪的输出原始信号进行预处理,分解得到原始信号中包含的随机项和趋势项,然后对这些信号进行平稳性检验,根据检验结果选择时间序列分析和灰色预测对这些数据分别进行建模预测,最后将预测结果进行重构得到最终的预测值。仿真实验结果表明,该方法的预测效果比单独使用时间序列分析进行建模预测的效果要好。     

Optical,Electrical, and Magnetic Studies of Organic Solar Cells Based on Low Bandgap Copolymer with Spin ½ Radical Additives

The charge photogeneration and recombination processes in organic photovoltaic solar cells based on blend of the low bandgap copolymer, PTB7 (fluorinated poly‐thienothiophene‐benzodithiophene) with C60‐PCBM using optical, electrical, and magnetic measurements in thin films and devices is studied. A variety of steady state optical and magneto‐optical techniques were employed, such as photoinduced absorption (PA), magneto‐PA, doping‐induced absorption, and PA‐detected magnetic resonance (PADMR); as well as picosecond time‐resolved PA. The charge polarons and triplet exciton dynamics in films of pristine PTB7, PTB7/fullerene donor–acceptor (D–A) blend is followed. It is found that a major loss mechanism that limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PTB7‐based solar cell devices is the “back reaction” that leads to triplet exciton formation in the polymer donor from the photogenerated charge‐transfer excitons at the D–A interfaces. A method of suppressing this “back reaction” by adding spin½ radicals Galvinoxyl to the D–A blend is presented; this enhances the cell PCE by ≈30%. The same method is not effective for cells based on PTB7/C70‐PCBM blend, where high PCE is reached even without Galvinoxyl radical additives.     

相干视频地杂波模拟的通用仿真模型

针对相干视频地杂波模拟中非高斯相关随机序列的产生,提出一种通用的仿真模型。使用迭代算法和随机向量法完成零记忆非线性变换过程,迭代算法用来计算非线性变换过程中高斯序列相关性的变化,而随机向量法用来完成线性变换,仿真实验数据证明利用这两种方法可精确地产生具有指定概率密度和功率谱的非高斯相关随机序列,逼真地复现既包含振幅又包含相位的雷达相干视频散射信号。同时给出了迭代算法使用过程中的注意问题及地杂波模型仿真的过程。     

利用Ka波段云雷达研究青藏高原对流云和降水的垂 直结构及微观物理特征

对第三次青藏高原大气科学试验的Ka波段毫米波云雷达功率谱和雨滴谱仪资料提出了数据处理和质量控制方法,并计算了常用物理量和国内运用很少的物理量(谱偏度、谱峰度、粒子平均下落末速度、大气垂直速度).应用这些物理量对2015年7月16日青藏高原(那曲)一次对流云-降水的垂直结构和微观物理过程进行了研究分析.结果表明:(1)青藏高原地区的降霰对流云在16:00-17:00发展到最强,具有和低海拔地区冰雹云相类似的结构;(2)同一对流云中,地面降霰前后,谱偏度由"正-负-正-负"结构变为负偏度为主,谱峰度由负值转为零值附近,云内粒子更趋于球形;(3)对流云中,强上升气流(≥6 m/s)贯穿-17～-7℃的过冷水层,冰晶与过冷水撞冻和淞附增长形成较大的霰,反之,上升气流较弱(≤4 m/s),淞附增长较弱,霰粒子较小;(4)对流云中,冰晶和霰的融化出现在环境0℃层上方的300 m区域内.     

HHT在眼底图像边缘检测中的应用

在眼底图像处理中,边缘检测技术是许多研究领域的重要预处理手段,如眼底图像特征提取和基于图像特征的图像配准方法等等。将希尔波特-黄变换（HHT,Hilbert-Huang Transform）方法应用于眼底图像边缘检测,提出了基于二维经验模式分解的图像边缘检测算法。实验结果表明,利用HHT方法的自适应多分辨特性,可以有效提取出眼底图像的细节信息,又不会检测出过多的虚假边缘。该方法为眼底图像的其它处理方法提供了有效的预处理手段。     

Cr_2O_3-LSFNiO双敏感电极NO_x传感器响应特性研究

以Cr2O3和(La0.8Sr0.2)2FeNiO6-δ(LsFNiO)为敏感电极材料,经1 200℃烧结制备出了一种具有双敏感电极结构的NOx传感器,并对其气体敏感性进行了测试,最后根据实验结果得出了两敏感电极的电势关于NOx浓度的经验公式。结果表明,两敏感电极的电势均随着NO浓度的增大而减小,NO2浓度的增大而增大。Cr2O3和LsFNiO电极对NO的敏感性分别为–12.198 mV/decade和–16.477 mV/decade,对NO2的敏感性分别为37.083 mV/decade和14.005 mV/decade。两敏感电极的电势与NOx气体浓度的对数呈较好的线性关系。     

部分集成局部特征尺度分解:一种新的基于噪声辅助数据分析方法

 局部特征尺度分解(Local Characteristic-Scale Decomposition,LCD)是最近提出的一种类似于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的非平稳信号分析方法.为解决LCD方法的模态混淆问题,论文首先提出了基于噪声辅助分析的集成局部特征尺度分解方法(Ensemble LCD,ELCD).然而,ELCD有类似于总体平均经验模态分解(Ensemble EMD, EEMD)和互补总体平均经验模态分解(Complementary,CEEMD)的固有缺陷,在此基础上,同时结合最近提出的随机性检测方法——排列熵(Permutation Entropy,PE),论文提出了部分集成局部特征尺度分解(Partly Ensemble LCD,PELCD)方法.仿真数据分析表明,论文提出的PELCD方法不仅能够有效地抑制LCD分解的模态混淆,而且在抑制伪分量的产生以及分量精确性等方面要优于CEEMD和ELCD方法.     

Large‐scale Synthesis of Urchin‐like Mesoporous TiO2 Hollow Spheres by Targeted Etching and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties

A versatile targeted etching strategy is developed for the large‐scale synthesis of urchin‐like mesoporous TiO₂ hollow spheres (UMTHS) with tunable particle size. Its key feature is the use of a low‐temperature hydrothermal reaction of surface‐fluorinated, amorphous, hydrous TiO₂ solid spheres (AHTSS) under the protection of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coating. With the confinement of PVP and water penetration, the highly porous AHTSS are selectively etched and hollowed by fluoride without destroying their spherical morphology. Meanwhile TiO₂ hydrates are gradually crystallized and their growth is preferentially along anatase (101) planes, reconstructing an urchin‐like shell consisting of numerous radially arranged single‐crystal anatase nanothorns. Complex hollow structures, such as core–shell and yolk–shell structures, can also be easily synthesized via additional protection of the interior by pre‐filling AHTSS with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The hollowing transformation is elucidated by the synergetic effect of etching, PVP coating, low hydrothermal reaction temperature, and the unique microstructure of AHTSS. The synthesized UMTHS with a large surface area of up to 128.6 m² g^‐1 show excellent light‐harvesting properties and present superior performances in photocatalytic removal of gaseous nitric oxide (NO) and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion as photoanodes for dye‐sensitized mesoscopic solar cells.     

一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的语音去噪方法

在介绍Hilbert Huang变换理论的基础上,提出了一种基于HHT变换的语音去噪算法。首先对带噪语音信号做EMD分解,得到各阶IMF分量,然后对高频的IMF分量用小波域去噪中的阈值方法进行处理,然后把经过阈值处理的高频IMF分量和低频的IMF进行叠加,得到重构后的信号,即去噪信号。仿真实验表明基于Hilbert Huang变换的去噪结果优于小波软、硬阈值法的去噪结果,显示了Hilbert Huang变换在处理非平稳信号中的优越性。