Formation mechanism and control of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions in non-oriented silicon steel

On the basis of the practical production of non-oriented silicon steel, the formation of Mg O·Al2O3 inclusions was analyzed in the process of ＂basic oxygen furnace（BOF） → RH → compact strip production（CSP）＂. The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of the formation of Mg O·Al2O3 inclusions were discussed, and the behavior of slag entrapment in molten steel during RH refining was simulated by computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software. The results showed that the Mg O/Al2O3 mass ratio was in the range from 0.005 to 0.017 and that Mg O·Al2O3 inclusions were not observed before the RH refining process. In contrast, the Mg O/Al2O3 mass ratio was in the range from 0.30 to 0.50, and the percentage of Mg O·Al2O3 spinel inclusions reached 58.4% of the total inclusions after the RH refining process. The compositions of the slag were similar to those of the inclusions; furthermore, the critical velocity of slag entrapment was calculated to be 0.45 m·s^-1 at an argon flow rate of 698 L·min^-1, as simulated using CFD software. When the test steel was in equilibrium with the slag, [Mg] was 0.00024wt%–0.00028wt% and [Al]s was 0.31wt%–0.37wt%; these concentrations were theoretically calculated to fall within the Mg O·Al2O3formation zone, thereby leading to the formation of Mg O·Al2O3 inclusions in the steel. Thus, the formation of Mg O·Al2O3 inclusions would be inhibited by reducing the quantity of slag entrapment, controlling the roughing slag during casting, and controlling the composition of the slag and the Mg O content in the ladle refractory.     

Investigation of Phenol Removal using Sol‐Gel/Alginate Immobilized Soybean Seed Hull Peroxidase

In this study, the removal of phenol using immobilized soybean seed hull peroxidase was investigated. The soybean peroxidase (SBP) enzymes were extracted from the raw soybean seed hulls and entrapped within hybrid (silica sol‐gel/alginate) particles. An aqueous sol‐gel route was preferred over an alkoxide route to prepare the silica sol‐gel suspension. A cluster of nozzles was designed for the bulk production of the biocatalysts. Upto 85% phenol was polymerized using the fabricated biocatalysts under the optimized conditions. Viability studies and repeated application/regeneration of entrapped enzymes were carried out. Surface conditions and the pore structure of the particles were studied using SEM before the reaction and after the reaction. The study indicates that these particles are promising biocatalysts for fluidized bed or packed bed reactors. This study represents the first investigation of enzymatic reactions that form a coating on the immobilized biocatalyst.     

Removal of As(III) from Aqueous Solution Using Functionalized Ultrafine Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Arsenic toxicity has become a major concern worldwide. Remediation of this problem needs the development of technology with improved materials and systems with high efficiency. We have demonstrated a simple and efficient method for the absolute removal of As(III) from high concentration As(III) treated water with a low contact time period. The process of As(III) adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism for high-adsorption efficiency is attributed to fatty acid binding domain-mediated surface conjugation of ultrafine Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with As(III). We have also ensured the simultaneous separation of arsenic sorbed nanoparticles by entrapping them in hydrophilic calcium alginate beads and thereby a pure arsenic free solution has been obtained.     

250 t钢包底吹氩卷渣和钢液裸露的模拟

针对某钢厂250 t钢包底吹氩气过程进行水模型实验和数值模拟,考察了吹气量和渣层厚度对卷渣行为和吹气量、渣层厚度及透气砖透气性能对钢液裸露面的影响,分析了卷渣形成机理. 结果表明,吹气量对卷渣形成具有决定性作用,吹气量控制在0.96 m3/h(对应实际流量69 m3/h)以下可避免卷渣;随着吹气量的增加,钢液裸露面积逐渐增大,当吹气量达到0.70 m3/h时,钢液裸露面积百分比约达14%,继续增大吹气量,其增加幅度变缓;随着渣层厚度的增加,临界卷渣吹气量和钢液裸露面积逐渐减小,以37 mm(对应实际渣厚150 mm)厚渣层覆盖,可有效防止钢液二次氧化;透气砖堵塞对钢液裸露面积影响较大,顶部钢液形成两不同大小的裸露亮圈,并加重对包壁耐材的冲刷与侵蚀,降低钢的洁净度. 工艺优化后,钢包水口结瘤率降低至0.1%以下,且可降低生产成本.     

1 600 mm×230 mm板坯结晶器流场及液面波动水模拟研究

以某厂1 600 mm×230 mm的板坯结晶器为研究对象,利用相似原理,建立1：2的物理模型,采用波高检测、粒子示踪等方法,研究了不同水口底部形状、浸入深度以及拉速对结晶器流场和液面波动的影响。试验结果表明：采用凸底浸入式水口,拉速为1.1 m/min,浸入深度为220 mm或260 mm时,结晶器液面波动幅度和注流冲击深度较低,无卷渣现象发生。     

方坯连铸机漏钢原因分析及改进措施

统计了唐钢第二钢轧厂方坯连铸机2008年漏钢情况,分析了夹渣漏钢、粘结漏钢和角部裂纹漏钢的特点及机理。产生各类漏钢的主要原因是保护渣的性能、结晶器的精度、钢水过热度、拉速及浸入式水口的对中、操作等因素。通过采取相应的措施,铸机的漏钢率有明显的降低。     

连铸结晶器内液面波动及卷渣行为的物理模型研究

根据相似原理建立连铸结晶器的物理模型。分别用煤油、真空泵油、液体石蜡模拟连铸结晶器保护渣,并通过改变拉速和水口插入深度,模拟连铸结晶器内液面波动及卷渣行为,确定卷渣发生的主要位置。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠叶绿素亚铁微胶囊的制备及缓释性能研究

用壳聚糖- 海藻酸钠微囊技术制备一系列叶绿素亚铁微胶囊,以包封率和载药量作为制备工艺优化指标,通过正交试验得出最优方案。考察微胶囊在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中的控制释放效果。结果显示,制备该微胶囊的最优方案为海藻酸钠15mg/mL、壳聚糖4mg/mL、氯化钙20mg/mL、芯材与海藻酸钠的质量比1:4。所得胶囊在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中缓释性能良好。     

东营凹陷东辛油田沙河街组一段成藏条件

近年来相继发现的高产井揭示了东辛油田沙一段具有良好的生、储、盖等成藏条件及类型多样的圈闭类型。在成藏条件上,该区三面临洼及下伏的沙三、沙四段优质烃源岩为成藏提供了充足的油气,生物灰岩、鲕粒灰岩等湖相碳酸盐岩发育的粒间孔隙、溶孔等可作为储集空间,长期继承性发育的断裂系统作为油气的疏导体系,使油气藏沿断层形成纵向上数百米的叠瓦式分布格局。在圈闭类型上,断层的广泛发育使沙一段油气藏以断层圈闭为主,良好的断层封闭性决定了油气藏的保存程度。     

用纳滤膜“浓缩”芦荟原汁的实验分析

本文分析了芦荟原汁采用纳滤膜分离成的“芦荟浓缩液”与“芦荟水”两个组分中各种成份含量比较 ,为膜分离法在芦荟原汁加工中的应用提供了理论依据。