Physical modeling and numerical investigation of fluid flow and solidification behavior in a slab caster mold using hexa-furcated nozzle

Slag entrapment from metal–slag interface during continuous casting operations has been a major area of concern for steelmakers globally. The presence of inactive regions in the upper region of the mold poses another challenge. Proper flow behavior of the molten metal coming out of the nozzle in the mold is required to overcome these challenges. Nozzle design greatly affects the flow pattern of the molten steel inside the mold. The present investigation is an attempt to study the flow and solidification behavior in a slab caster mold with the use of a novel-designed hexa-furcated nozzle using numerical investigation results. The casting speed and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth are varied to study the effect of these parameters on minimizing the inactive zones in the mold and the steel/slag interface fluctuations. The results show that the interface fluctuation increases at higher casting speed and lower SEN depth. The residence time distribution (RTD) analysis was also performed for different cases to investigate the flow behavior. The validation of the fluid flow and RTD curve inside the computational domain is carried out with the use of physical modeling.     

C72DA钢生产过程中结晶器卷渣的原因分析与对策

结晶器卷渣引起高纯净度的C72DA钢在拉拔过程中出现断丝现象,通过对结晶器流场的研究,认为结晶器卷渣主要在结晶器壁附近,是由于表面钢水的波动严重、钢水偏流、或保护渣熔化不良引起的。通过优化浸入式水口的结构参数、拉坯速度和保护渣的粘度,合理控制结晶器液面波动,使钢帘线因夹杂物高改判或判废的比率由7.9%降至0.49%。     

西施与貂蝉美人计故事之比较

西施、貂蝉是中国文学中的美人形象,她们美人计的故事在文人创作和民间传说中,有着重要地位,又略有不同。西施是先有美人之名,她的故事,随美人声名的流传逐步形成和发展。貂蝉则是先有故事,其形象在故事中不断演变、完形。比较两者的美人计故事,可以窥见中国文化对美人形象的塑造。     

气体捕捉法制备泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构与性能评价

基于气体捕捉法制备泡沫钛三明治结构工艺,对以钢包套+Ti-6Al-4V板+Ti-6Al-4V粉的封装工艺制备的泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构预制坯进行了900℃下不同变形量的轧制,并进行了950℃/10h的等温发泡。通过SEM对不同状态的三明治结构芯部孔洞状态进行观察和测量,探究了轧制变形量对泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构预制坯等温发泡行为的影响。结果表明:轧制主要是以沿轧制方向拉长孔洞和增加孔洞连通的方式影响泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构芯部,且轧制变形量越大越严重,但对孔洞内壁形态及孔洞在垂直于轧向平面内的形态未产生影响。当预制坯轧制变形量为80%时,经等温发泡成功制备了面板厚度为362μm,芯部孔隙率达到40%的泡沫Ti-6Al-4V三明治结构,其在高应变速率下抗压强度达到824.8 MPa,400℃下热导率仅为致密金属的52.8%。     

连铸坯拉速对结晶器卷渣现象的影响

高拉速连铸具有高效、低成本的特点,是未来连铸的发展方向。以常规板坯结晶器为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法对结晶器内的卷渣现象深入分析。结果表明,在连铸坯拉速较低的情况下,结晶器流场较为稳定,钢液冲击速度较小,上返流速度较小,界面波动幅度不大。在高拉速的情况下,钢液冲击速度增加,渣金界面速度及卷渣数量明显提高。通过界面最大速度分析,建立了一个临界卷渣速度的计算准则,发现不同拉速情况下的临界卷渣速度是不一样的,造成这种现象的原因在于卷渣机理的不同。本模型对控制常规板坯高拉速连铸生产具有一定指导意义。     

电梯困人自动语音报警系统的设计

论述了现行电梯困人后应急报警方式中存在的一些缺陷,然后针对这些缺陷设计了一种自动语音报警系统。     

大方坯结晶器内液面波动与卷渣行为

为深入揭示不同水口类型对结晶器内钢液初始流动的影响,以某厂410 mm×530 mm的大方坯结晶器为原型,基于相似原理,采用1:1的物理模型,比较了直通型、五孔和四孔水口浇注时在不同拉速和浸入深度下的结晶器内液面波动和渣层状态。结果表明,3种水口的液面平均波高范围分别为0.20~0.30、0.23~1.10、0.35~1.28 mm。五孔水口和四孔水口的液面波动均比直通水口剧烈,渣层比直通水口活跃,尽管有轻微卷渣但无裸钢现象,这有利于保护渣的熔化和夹杂物的上浮去除。五孔水口和四孔水口对结晶器壁面的冲击比直通水口强,有助于铸坯中心等轴晶率的提高。推荐该大方坯使用多孔水口时浸入深度和拉速分别为170 mm和0.38 m/min,可保证生产顺行和铸坯质量改善。     

Immobilization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida rugosa</Emphasis> lipase by sol-gel entrapment and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean oil

Immobilization of lipase AY from Candida rugosa by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic sol-gel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by polycondensation of hydrolyzed tetramethoxysilane and isobutyltrimethoxysilane. Certain modifications were incorporated into the conventional immobilization procedure, including the use of glucose as additive and the application of vacuum during the drying and aging stages. The activity and thermostability of immobilized enzyme were subsequently determined in hydrolyzing soybean oil. Hydrolysis results showed more than 95 mol% of the theoretical yield for the formation of FF after 1 h of reaction at 40°C. The level of FFA was 3.3 times greater than that seen when an immobilized enzyme was prepared by the conventional sol-gel process. The immobilized enzyme retained most of its hydrolytic activity compared to the free enzyme and kept more than 95% activity after 120 h of incubation at 40°C, whereas the free enzyme lost 67% of its activity after 24 h of incubation and almost all of its activity after 96 h of incubation at 40°C. The immobilized enzyme also proved to be very stable, as it retained more than 90% of the initial activity after 16 one-hour reactions. Surface characterization studies suggested that the enzyme-containing sol-gel particles have amorphous morphology and are void of micro/meso pores.