Adhesion Mechanisms of Polyurethanes to Glass Surfaces I. Structure-Property Relationships in Polyurethanes and Their Effects on Adhesion to Glass

Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems.     

采矿法方案优选指标权数的动态分析

在采矿方案优选的研究中，其决策的正确与否，取决于参与计算的采矿法的定量、定性指标个数以及这些指标的权数。本文通过实例分析了指标权数的波动对采矿方案优劣排序的影响，以减小决策的风险。     

超高分子相对质量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺合成研究

选择AM均聚后水解工艺路线,采用新型复配引发体系,合成作为油田驱油剂的超高相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺(简称PAM).在所选高效的引发体系下,考察了主要聚合反应因素对产品平均分子相对质量的影响,确定了聚合工艺条件溶液的pH值为11～11.5,W(单体)为45%,W(引发剂)为70×10-6,W(链转移剂)为1.3×10-6.在优化的聚合条件下,合成了相对分子质量高达25×106,水解度在20%～30%可调,过滤比小于1.3的聚丙烯酰胺.     

聚砜酰胺的分子量对其超滤膜性能的影响——Ⅲ.热性能

对不同分子量的PSA 材料和由其制成的超滤膜的TGA、DSC 及FTIR 研究表明,PSA 会以氢键的形式吸附水份,被吸附的水份主要以单分子形式存在,双聚或多聚的也有,但较少;并且在温度升到40℃左右将全部游离出来,在120℃左右则全部气化离开PSA。PSA 材料在400℃以上才开始分解,其耐热性能随分子量的增大而降低。凝胶浴不同对PSA 膜的晶态影响不大。     

反相微乳液聚合引发剂对聚丙烯酰胺分子质量影响的研究

分别以三种引发剂体系为引发剂,从引发机理出发,通过正交实验研究了丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合中引发剂种类、引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体浓度等对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,引发剂种类对水溶性PAM相对分子质量有显著的影响;过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠和偶氮二异丁腈复合引发体系是合成高相对分子质量PAM的有效引发体系。该引发体系在反应温度为40℃,氧化还原引发剂与偶氮的质量比为1∶4,单体浓度为20%,引发剂浓度为0.3%,pH为9的最佳条件下合成的PAM相对分子量为1.44×107。     

基于不同受益者的莫莫格湿地生态系统服务权重分析

为了明确不同区域和不同社会身份受益者对湿地生态系统服务的关注程度,为今后湿地生态系统服务的管理和政策制定提供依据,以吉林省莫莫格国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用层次分析法从当地受益者、省域受益者、全国受益者和全球受益者四个层次以及年龄、收入、职业和教育背景等社会属性对莫莫格湿地的物质生产、调蓄洪水、固碳、气候调节、大气调节、水质净化、科研教育和休闲旅游等8项服务进行比较并打分,得出权重结果。结果表明:当地受益者和省域受益者最关注湿地的调蓄洪水服务,其权重值分别为0.276 1和0.266 7;全国受益者最关注湿地的气候调节服务,其权重值为0.223 8;全球受益者最关注湿地的固碳服务,其权重值为0.203 0。年龄越高的受益者更为关注水质净化和调蓄洪水等服务;文化程度越高的受益者对于湿地的科研教育的关注程度相对较高;生态相关职业的受益者更为关注生态相关的调蓄洪水、固碳、气候调节和科研教育服务。     

塔式旋转混凝土布料机的工况计算及配重调控分析

塔式旋转混凝土布料机是一种可高效输送混凝土的工程机械,被广泛用于混凝土浇筑。施工过程中,为减小其布料端悬臂力矩、保证其塔架的稳定性,需要随时根据其伸缩桁架的伸缩量来调节其配重块的位置。运用有限元ANSYS软件,分析了布料机在极限工况条件下的结构强度和最大合力矩,计算了19种不同工况下力矩、桁架伸缩量及配重调节距离之间的数值关系。在此基础上,利用MATLAB的拟合优化功能得出三者之间的函数关系并绘制三维曲线。研究结果为塔式旋转混凝土布料机的安全运行提供数据支持,同时为其后续的优化设计提供参考。     

Preparation of ketoprofen‐loaded high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinyl alcohol) gels

High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (R,S)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

溶液缩聚物分子量分布及其控制的研究

本文根据溶液缩聚基本原理及反应过程的基本事实，用随机过程方法，得到缩聚产物分子量分布函数，并对分子量及其分布的控制作了讨论。     

An understanding of high entropy alloys from phase diagram calculations

The concept of High Entropy Alloy (HEA) is understood from the point of view of phase diagram calculation. The role of entropy of mixing on the phase stability is discussed for both ideal and non-ideal solid solution phases. The relative stability of a solid solution phase and line compounds is illustrated using hypothetical systems. Calculated binary and multicomponent phase diagrams are used to explain the phenomena observed experimentally for HEAs. The potential of using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach in aiding the design of alloys with multiple key components is also discussed.