液相化学发光及其在分析化学中的应用

综述了常用发光体系在分析化学中的应用，简单介绍了化学发光的基本原理、产生的主常见体系的发光机理等。     

石油树脂生产及应用进展

介绍了国内外石油树脂的生产、改性研究、产品质量标准及应用方面的发展状况。     

GPS定位技术在灌区调查中的应用

GPS定位技术日益成熟,在很多领域已得到了广泛应用。文中主要简介说明GPS技术原理与特点,针对工程实践中调查灌区的实际情况存在灌区面积大、渠系长、渠系建筑物多、渠道实际完成不连续的特点,采用传统的测量方法已无法满足快速而准确的调查要求,因此应用GPS定位技术与之比较,同时也验证了新技术的高效性和准确性。     

稻田磷素流失及其环境效应分析

根据稻田磷素流失和环境效应的研究成果,对稻田磷素运移规律和环境效应进行了分析和总结.对磷素在稻田土壤和径流中的迁移方式和规律,稻田磷素流失的机理和影响因素、稻田磷素流失的环境效应以及相应的研究方法和控制措施进行了初步探讨,并结合国内外的实际提出稻田磷素研究领域的研究重点.     

水文极限分析中改进自适应重要抽样法的应用分析

近年来,随着国内水资源的日渐紧缺,缺水问题一直是困扰我国的发展和进步,甚至已经成为了世界范围的大问题。同时,也注意到不同城市地区以及不同国家范围内受到极端水事件的各种自然灾害以及人为泄露等原因的影响也不断的增加,促使相关的水分析抽样方法在一定程度上得到了快速的发展。文章就水文极限分析中改进自适应重要抽样法的应用进行了分析和论证。     

IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS – CASE STUDY: THE DUERO RIVER BASIN,SPAIN

European river basin authorities are responsible for the implementation of the new river basin management plans in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. This paper presents a new methodology framework and approach to define and evaluate environmental flow regimes in the realistic complexities that exist with multiple water resource needs at a basin scale. This approach links river basin simulation models and habitat time series analysis to generate ranges of environmental flows (e‐flows), which are evaluated by using habitat, hydropower production and reliability of water supply criteria to produce best possible alternatives. With the use of these tools, the effects of the proposed e‐flows have been assessed to help in the consultation process. The possible effects analysed are impacts on water supply reliability, hydropower production and aquatic habitat. After public agreements, a heuristic optimization process was applied to maximize e‐flows and habitat indicators, while maintaining a legal level of reliability for water resource demands. The final optimal e‐flows were considered for the river basin management plans of the Duero river basin. This paper demonstrates the importance of considering quantitative hydrologic and ecological aspects of e‐flows at the basin scale in addressing complex water resource systems. This approach merges standard methods such as physical habitat simulations and time series analyses for evaluating alternatives, with recent methods to simulate and optimize water management alternatives in river networks. It can be integrated with or used to complement other frameworks for e‐flow assessments such as the In‐stream Flow Incremental Methodology and Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SPAWNING OF THE ENDANGERED AUSTRALIAN LUNGFISH (NEOCERATODUS FORSTERI) IN A HEAVILY REGULATED RIVER: A PULSE FOR LIFE

The Australian lungfish is an endangered native species currently protected under various state, federal and international agreements. Scarce information on their early life history is available due to the absence of juveniles collected in the wild. This has led to concerns about the sustainability of the species and become a driver for the conservation effort for Australian lungfish. This study aimed to consolidate knowledge on the critical hydraulic habitat requirements of this species within a water resource management context. In this study, spawning of Australian lungfish was found to be a seasonal strategy that is highly reliant on a variable low‐flow regime within riverine habitat. Suitable conditions for spawning were characterized by small flow events in early‐to‐mid spring when water temperatures are between 18 and 28 °C, leading to oviposition on short dense macrophytes in shallow water. Importantly, many of the key environmental factors driving the ecological response are manageable through existing water resource infrastructure. Specifically, releases from water storages within the current distribution of Australian lungfish should mimic the natural inflow and temperature regime within the spawning period, and also provide suitable riverine habitat within projected full supply limits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi‐objective risk assessment of freshwater inflow on ecosystem sustainability in San Antonio bay,Texas

Abstract:

San Antonio Bay is located on the coast of Texas between Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi Bay and is the primary bay in the Guadalupe Estuary. Three rivers feed San Antonio Bay from two river basins, including the Blanco and Guadalupe Rivers in the Guadalupe River Basin and the San Antonio River in the San Antonio River Basin. The Canyon Reservoir regulates the flow of fresh water in the middle and lower reaches of the Guadalupe River. These inflows are a primary regulator of salinity and, thus, the productivity of commercially important estuarine species. Increasing demand for water has prompted plans for an increased diversion of 49.3 million m³ (40,000 acre‐feet) from the reservoir. An additional amount of 61.6 million m³ (50,000 acre‐feet) from the mouth of the river is to be pumped back to San Antonio to relieve over‐pumping of the Edwards Aquifer. Because the Guadalupe River Basin contributes 58.1 percent of the freshwater inflow to the estuary, it is not known what the impact of these actions will have on the ecological integrity of the San Antonio Bay. Water resource management in the San Antonio Basin consists of decision making under risk and uncertainty related to randomness in the critical parameters such as the salinity in the bay, biological productivity, and total flow into the bay. The aim of this study is to investigate the trade‐offs between the competing objectives of maximizing biological productivity in the bay and minimizing flow using Stochastic Compromise Programming (SCP). The SCP model solves a multi‐objective function subject to constraints that must be maintained at three different prescribed levels of probability providing a global set of solutions for the water resource management problem under input uncertainty. The SCP model provides information on the trade‐offs among the objective function value, tolerance values of the constraint at the prescribed levels of probability, which could be valuable to policy makers in risk assessment. Solutions were found using three distance functions. Model outputs may suggest the minimum amount of freshwater needed to maximize biological productivity of the bay at specified risk level for assessing the impact of upcoming diversion program. Results indicate that current flows in the Guadalupe River are of sufficient volume to satisfy harvest requirements.     

REVIEW ON ADVANCES OF SENSORS BASED ON FIBER LOOP RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY

Fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy (FLRDS) is an absorption spectroscopic and detection technique. It makes use of an optical cavity, which not only realizes a long effective path length through a sample, but also eliminates the effects of fluctuations of the light intensity. In this article, research advances of FLRDS used for sensors, such as concentrations of gas, pressure, strain, and refractive index are presented. According to its different sensing properties, the working principles and the performances of each application in sensors are introduced in detail. Finally, the key problems of FLRDS in sensing technology are concluded and the future research directions are discussed.     

Groundwater legislation in Turkey: problems of conception and application

The uneven distribution of water resources, a growing population, urbanization and global climate change require new approaches for groundwater management in Turkey. “Safe yield” should yield to broader concepts such as “sustainability”. Groundwater management needs to consider future needs of the people and all ecosystems in accordance with basin development models. Groundwater law needs to be expanded beyond quantity to address quality concerns. A new institutional framework should be established and groundwater regulation should reflect new approaches and ideas, in particular to address problems of application.