酶制剂在淀粉加工中的应用

本文简要介绍了酶法加工淀粉中糊化、液化与糖化的过程,然后综述了酶制剂在淀粉制糖（包括结晶葡萄糖、淀粉糖浆、麦芽糖浆、果葡糖浆）与乙醇生产中的状况。通过与酸法的比较,指出了酶法的优越性。最后展望了该技术未来的发展趋势。     

CO_2激光照射对表皮LC的影响

郎格罕氏细胞(Lange Hans cell.LC)是从骨髓中的前体细胞衍化而来的树突状细胞,主要位于表皮基层上方.有摄取抗原、处理抗原和传递抗原的功能,起着免疫系统外围前哨的作用.LC的功能可受各种理化因子的影响,是否也会受到激光照射的影响?鲜见文献报道.本文探讨低功率CO2激光照射后,表皮LC的数目形态和分布的情况.     

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR TESTING BEER FILTERABILITY

Based on a filtration manifold from ‘Millipore’ a method was developed which permits the simultaneous investigation of the filterability of up to ten beer samples. Characteristics of the simple apparatus are the use of sheet filters, a vacuum filtration at room temperature and very small sample volumes. An excellent correlation to the differential pressure at the industrial filter was found, demonstrating the reliability of the test for routine applications. The usefulness of the method for research applications was demonstrated in experiments with enzymes improving beer filtration.     

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and bitterness of enzymatically-produced hydrolysates of shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) processing byproducts investigated by Taguchi design

The importance of water-to-substrate ratio, protease type, percent enzyme and incubation time on hydrolysates produced from shrimp processing byproducts was investigated using Taguchi’s L₁₆ (4⁵) experimental design. Protease type significantly (p < 0.05) influenced soluble yield, degree of hydrolysis (DH), angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and bitterness of hydrolysates, while percent enzyme only affected the DH. Hydrolysates produced by Alcalase and Protamex possessed strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 100–200 μg/ml and 70 μg/ml, respectively), accompanied by high yield, high DH and strong bitterness. Furthermore, ACE inhibition was positively correlated (r² = 0.87) with bitterness of the hydrolysates. Fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the bitter substances, which also showed strong ACE inhibition, were <3 kDa in size and contained many hydrophobic residues, including Tyr, Phe, Leu, Ile, Val and Lys. Despite the bitterness, these hydrolysates may have potential health benefits, arising from their potent ACE inhibitory activity.     

氯化钙结合季也蒙毕赤酵母（Meyerozyma guilliermondii）对抑制芒果采后炭疽病效果的影响

研究氯化钙（CaCl2）结合季也蒙毕赤酵母（Meyerozyma guilliermondii）处理对由炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）引起的芒果采后炭疽病的抑制效果,同时分析CaCl2对病原菌和酵母拮抗菌生长以及果实抗病性的影响。结果显示：40 g/L CaCl2可有效提升拮抗菌M. guilliermondii对芒果采后炭疽病的生防效果,其中40 g/L CaCl2与1×108 CFU/mL M. guilliermondii悬浮液的复合处理比单一处理更能有效地抑制芒果果实采后炭疽病的发生。此外,40 g/L CaCl2对C. gloeosporioides菌丝的生长具有抑制作用,并能够促进拮抗菌M. guilliermondii在芒果果实伤口处的增殖。与此同时,该复合处理显著诱导了芒果果实抗病相关酶活性的升高。结果表明,40 g/L CaCl2可以直接通过抑制病原菌的生长和促进拮抗酵母的增殖、以及间接诱导果实抗病性来提升拮抗菌M. guilliermondii对芒果果实采后炭疽病防治效果。     

两种常见固定化脂肪酶的酶学性质和微观结构比较

分别对游离脂肪酶、大孔树脂吸附-交联固定化脂肪酶和海藻酸钠固定化脂肪酶的热稳定性、pH稳定性和操作稳定性等方面进行研究。结果显示,固定化脂肪酶在热稳定性、pH稳定性和重复利用次数上均有明显提高。对大孔树脂吸附-交联和海藻酸钠固定化微球进行了表观结构的考察。从SEM图片可以看出:海藻酸钠固定化微球表面和内部为均匀的蜂窝状多孔性结构,孔径较大,约0.1mm;而大孔树脂吸附-交联固定化微球内部具有规则蜂窝状通孔结构,孔径都在几微米以下。说明大孔树脂吸附-交联固定化脂肪酶效果比较理想。     

茉莉酸甲酯对鲜切苹果生理生化变化的影响

为研究茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对鲜切苹果生理生化变化的影响,将1cm3的鲜切富士苹果分别放入100、400、1600μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯溶液中浸泡30min,包装后放入5℃冷库中贮藏。每2d测定各类酶活性以及与成熟衰老相关的指标等的变化。结果表明,经茉莉酸甲酯处理后,鲜切苹果的APX活性降低,但LOX、PAL、CAT、PPO、POD活性增加,相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低,说明茉莉酸甲酯处理启动了鲜切富士苹果的防御反应,导致相关防御反应的关键酶活性升高,从而降低机械伤害引发的自由基对细胞膜产生的伤害。研究认为,鲜切苹果贮前经适当浓度的茉莉酸甲酯溶液浸泡,可显著延长贮藏期和保持新鲜品质。     

脂肪代用品的研究Ⅰ--不同淀粉酶水解马铃薯淀粉制备低DE值麦芽糊精研究

本文采用不同的淀粉酶控制水解马铃薯淀粉制备低DE麦芽糊精作为脂肪模拟品，研究不同淀粉酶作用产物的不同性质，确定了碳水化合物型脂肪模拟品生产用酶为耐高温α-淀粉酶，最佳工艺条件为：酶添加量为0．054g，100ml，温度为88．6℃，时间9．55min，水解产物的DE值为2．20。     

棉毛混纺织物的染整工艺

棉／毛混纺织物采用生物酶和双氧水进行前处理，经与传统弱碱处理的效果进行比较，前者处理织物的润湿性、强力及棉籽壳的去除效果均比后者好，且对羊毛损伤小；采用住友公司的Sumiifix HF染料一浴一步法染色，染品牢度性能良好。     

煮练酶在纯棉粗厚织物前处理中的应用

通过对比实验发现：煮练酶SKD-301堆置工艺较传统前处理更有助于纯棉机织物强力的保护及失重率控制,但对于棉纱质量较差的粗厚织物,尚需借助碱氧煮漂工艺完成PVA浆及棉籽壳的退除。