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11.
This research investigates the utility of passive microwave remote sensing instruments to accurately determine snow water equivalent (SWE) over large spatial extents. Three existing Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) snow water equivalent algorithms produced by Chang, Tait and Goodison were evaluated for their ability to determine snow water equivalent in a snowpack containing substantial depth hoar, large faceted snow crystals. The Kuparuk River Watershed (8140 km2) test site on the North Slope of Alaska was chosen for its snowpack containing a think depth hoar layer and long history of ground truth data. A new regional snow water equivalent algorithm was developed to determine if it could produce better results than the existing algorithms in an area known to contain significant depth hoar. The four algorithms were tested to see how well they could determine snow water equivalent: (1) on a per pixel basis, (2) across swath-averaged spatial bands of approximately 850 km2, and (3) on a watershed scale. The algorithms were evaluated to see if they captured the annual spatial distribution in snow water equivalent over the watershed. Results show that the algorithms developed by Chang and from this research are generally within 3 cm of the spatially averaged snow water equivalents over the entire watershed. The algorithms produced by Chang, Tait, and in this research were able to predict the basin-wide ground measured snow water equivalent value within a percent error range from −32.4% to 24.4% in the years with a typical snowpack. None of the algorithms produce accurate results on a pixel-by-pixel scale, with errors ranging from −26% to 308%. 相似文献
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在Reissner厚板理论中,利用分离变量法得到挠度函数W(x,y)和应力函数ψ(x,y)的解。在这些解中.选择一些三角级数和多项式作为该问题的挠度函数W(x,y)和应力函数ψ(x,y),从而得到了两相邻边固定另两边任意支承矩形厚板弯曲问题的精确解.这里不需要繁琐地叠加. 相似文献
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Sixiong Han Yasuaki Ichikawa 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1995,38(24):4081-4100
In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for the problem of the scattering of plane waves in a three-dimensional cracked materials. Instead of obtaining closed-form solutions as in conventional theoretical analysis methods, this approach, called the Equivalent Nodal Force (ENF) method formulates the mechanical effects of cracks as an equivalent nodal force in a numerical procedure, and physically translates cracked material into an equivalent continuous one. Several mechanical relations between waves and cracks are evident from this method. Also the results of several numerical calculations are presented and these are compared with those obtained by the conventional methods. 相似文献
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本文从理论上分析了矩形波和正弦脉波气流对流化床操作性能的影响,发现矩形波在一定条件下优于正弦波的规律,并用实际进行了验证。 相似文献
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本文提供了计算凝析油当量气体体积的方法,并用于凝析气藏的凝析油含量,凝析油和干气地质储量的计算。 相似文献