Thermal conductivity and elastic modulus evolution of thermal barrier coatings under high heat flux conditions

Laser high heat flux test approaches have been established to obtain critical properties of ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under near-realistic temperature and thermal gradients that may be encountered in advanced engine systems. Thermal conductivity change kinetics of a thin ceramic coating were continuously monitored in real time at various test temperatures. A significant thermal conductivity increase was observed during the laser-simulated engine heat flux tests. For a 0.25 mm thick ZrO₂-8% Y₂O₃ coating system, the overall thermal conductivity increased from the initial value of 1.0 W/m K to 1.15, 1.19, and 1.5 W/m K after 30 h of testing at surface temperatures of 990, 1100, and 1320 °C, respectively, Hardness and elastic modulus gradients across a 1.5 mm thick TBC system were also determined as a function of laser testing time using the laser sintering/creep and microindentation techniques. The coating Knoop hardness values increased from the initial hardness value of 4 GPa to 5 GPa near the ceramic/bond coat interface and to 7.5 GPa at the ceramic coating surface after 120 h of testing. The ceramic surface modulus increased from an initial value of about 70 GPa to a final value of 125 GPa. The increase in thermal conductivity and the evolution of significant hardness and modulus gradients in the TBC systems are attributed to sintering-induced microporosity gradients under the laser-imposed high thermal gradient conditions. The test techniques provide a viable means for obtaining coating data for use in design, development, stress modeling, and life prediction for various TBC applications.     

线材轧机粗轧机组后飞剪设计实践

介绍了邯钢三轧厂在线材轧机粗轧机组后的飞剪设计中,采用了硬齿面齿轮传动,零侧隙啮合液压缸锁紧与横移及简便实用的剪刃间隙调整机械,并介绍了该飞剪的使用效果及优缺点。     

Elastic modulus measurements via laser-ultrasonic and knoop indentation techniques in thermally sprayed coatings

Nondestructive techniques for evaluating and characterizing coatings were extensively demanded by the thermal spray community; nonetheless, few results have been produced in practice due to difficulties in analyzing the complex structure of thermal spray coatings. Of particular interest is knowledge of the elastic modulus values and Poisson’s ratios, which are very important when seeking to understand and/or model the mechanical behavior or to develop life prediction models of thermal spray coatings used in various applications (e.g., wear, fatigue, and high temperatures). In the current study, two techniques, laser-ultrasonics and Knoop indentation, were used to determine the elastic modulus of thermal spray coatings. Laser-ultrasonics is a noncontact and nondestructive evaluation method that uses lasers to generate and detect ultrasound. Ultrasonic velocities in a material are directly related to its elastic modulus value. The Knoop indentation technique, which has been widely used as a method for determining elastic modulus values, was used to compare and validate the measurements of the laser-ultrasonic technique. The determination of elastic modulus values via the Knoop indentation technique is based on the measurement of elastic recovery of the dimensions of the Knoop indentation impression. The approach used in the current study was to focus on evaluating the elastic modulus of very uniform, dense, and near-isotropic titania and WC-Co thermal spray coatings using these two techniques. Four different coatings were evaluated: two titania coatings produced by air plasma spray (APS) and high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) and two types of WC-Co coatings, conventional and multimodal (nanostructured and microsized particles), deposited by HVOF. The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), 5–8 May, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Eds., ASM International, 2003.     

LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳研究进展

综述了LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳机制及影响疲劳裂纹扩展的因素,探讨了采用加速腐蚀当量折算谱模拟日历腐蚀环境对飞机结构主体材料LY12CZ先做加速腐蚀再进行疲劳试验的方法;并介绍了该方法在计算飞机日历寿命上的最新研究进展和未来的发展方向.      

粉末冶金齿轮成型模具的设计误差

结合粉末冶金材料成型、烧结时尺寸变化的规律，通过计算模型并运用渐开线齿轮的基本原理，分析计算了用变位设计法和变模数设计法设计齿轮成型模具所产生的设计误差，并得出结论，变位设计法存在较大的设计误差，变模数设计法则不存在理论设计误差。     

钛及钛合金基于等效压缩变形的固态焊接

以TC4和TA2为研究对象，探讨了利用钛及钛合金在固定约束条件下加热时的等效压缩交变实施固态焊接的试验研究，结果表明，在焊接温度为900℃，预压应力为56-80MPa，加热时间为600s的条件下，TC4/TC4，TC4/TA2和TA2和TA2的接头焊合率可达到88%以上，其中TC4由于在等效压缩变形过程中发生了较为明显的超塑性流变面更易实现基于等效压缩变形的固态焊接。     

异步轧制对表面纳米化316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在316L不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层,然后在室温对其进行80％形变量的异步轧制(CSR),研究了CSR处理后表层组织和性能的变化．结果表明：经过60min SMAT后,样品表面形成了一定厚度的纳米晶层,晶粒尺寸为10—30nm．对其进行80％形变量的CSR后,表层组织仍为纳米晶组织,但纳米晶尺寸更加均匀、细小(为5—15nm),表面粗糙度显著下降;纳米表层硬度略有提高,但基体硬度显著提高;在0．05mol／L H2SO4 0.25mol／L Na2SO4腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能比SMAT后的样品有明显改善,但均低于原基材．     

搅拌摩擦焊接过程中搅拌头转速对材料流动的影响

使用有限元方法模拟了不同搅拌头转速下,搅拌摩擦焊接过程中Al6061～T6材料的三维流动,以及材料流动与搅拌头转速的关系,结果表明,在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中,后退侧的材料流动较前进侧更为剧烈,并且随着搅拌头转速的增加,材料流动也会得到不同程度增强,搅拌头前方的材料在搅拌头的推动作用下向上涌起,被旋推到搅拌头后方并向下运动,该过程的周而复始是促使搅拌摩擦焊接顺利完成的主要原因,等效塑性应变等值线的形状与材料热影响区,热力影响区以及搅拌区的边界形状具有较好的对应关系,随着搅拌头转速的增加,等效塑性应变随之增加。     

“橡胶金属”——一种新型多功能钛合金

介绍了一种新型的功能钛合金——“橡胶金属”，其主要特征为：低弹性模量和超高强度，恒弹恒胀性，高弹性变形能，冷加工无加工硬化现象。     

Al—Li合金高温扭转变形行为

在Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ２０００热模拟机上对一种２０１９Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金进行高温扭转试验,研究了合金扭转时的等效应力－应变关系和扭转变形组织特征,研究结果表明：合金表现出与压缩变形类似的稳态流变特征,扭转等效应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;其变形过程属于受位错速率机制控制的热激活过程,等效应力、等效应变速率和温度之间基本上满足以曲正弦函数关系,扭转等效应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小。