高层建筑人员疏散行动时间的预测

针对目前疏散模型忽略房间中障碍物对人员行动的影响，提出一种“L”型行动路线，对空间节点进行了细化，建立了完善、合理的疏散行动时间预测数学模型。以此为基础开发出了高层建筑人员疏散行动时间预测软件，通过实例计算和对比国外公式，证明了节点细化的正确和软件开发的成功。     

超高层建筑应急电源供电时间的研究

本文应用消防防火鉴定方法测算某项目中的超高层塔楼的疏散时间,从而对应急电源供电时间进行研究。通过对不同楼层高度疏散时间的对比,得到建筑物层数与应急电源供电时间的关系。并针对办公区楼层进行分析,得出办公区楼层的疏散时间与人员密度、建筑层数成正比关系。进而为超高层建筑应急电源供电时间的确定提供了依据,同时也为超高层建筑内人员密度的合理布局提供了参考。     

建筑疏散楼梯设计模式对疏散效率影响研究

为揭示不同疏散楼梯设计模式对人员疏散的影响,构建了5类疏散场景,采用仿真模拟,对比分析了不同楼梯形式和楼梯转换平台数量与人员疏散效率的相关性.结果表明,楼梯形式和转换平台数量与建筑内的人员平均疏散距离和疏散效率有直接关联.分散设置4部楼梯且不设置楼梯间内转换平台时人员平均疏散距离最短,分散设置4部楼梯且楼梯间设置2个转...     

公路隧道火灾时人员疏散的模拟预测

隧道的疏散设计以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标.为此开发了隧道火灾时人员疏散的模拟预测模型TUNEV (tunnel evacuation) ,该模型包含了简单的火灾时人员行为数据库和隧道防火结构参数,通过定性和定量的分析计算,其结果能发现疏散设计中的不足,为人员疏散方案提供参考依据.此外,该模型还可作为辅助的消防演习工具.文章阐述了模型的有关概念,并对雪峰山隧道工程实例进行了疏散模拟,最后简述了TUNEV预测模型的验证和应用.     

典型行李负重对步行疏散速度影响实验研究

以高校大学生为研究对象,通过开展人员负重行走实验,研究典型行李负重对步行疏散速度的影响.在出行负重情况问卷调研的基础上进行人员负重行走实验,结果表明,最大负重工况中,与无负重相比,携带双肩背包、手提包和斜挎包行人的平均疏散速度分别下降6.0％、3.6％和4.2％.拟合结果表明,随着行李质量增大,携带双肩背包和斜挎包行人...     

多层建筑应急疏散仿真

以多层建筑为背景,研究应急疏散问题,基于改进的路径规划算法,并将多智能体技术应用在模型间的通信交流上.采用机器人感知周围环境,通过设置机器人个数以及初始位置,对灾情中室内被困人员进行智能搜救,并采集现场实时数据,作出决策分析.机器人实时感知现场状况的变化,引导人员疏散,并将实时数据传输给施救人员,采取进一步救援措施.结果表明,该三维仿真技术为有效减少人员疏散中的伤亡和最佳救援方案的制定提供了参考,具有一定的现实指导意义.     

Integration of Smoke Effect and Blind Evacuation Strategy (SEBES) within fire evacuation simulation

Many fire evacuation models have been proposed in recent years to better simulate such as an emergency situation. However most of them do not respect a recommendation of fire evacuation experts regarding the fact that evacuees should follow the boundaries of obstacles or wall to find the exits when their visibility is limited by smoke. This paper presents an agent-based evacuation model with Smoke Effect and Blind Evacuation Strategy (SEBES) which respects that recommendation by integrating a model of smoke diffusion and its effect on the evacuee’s visibility, speed, and evacuation strategy. The implementation of this model enables us to optimise the evacuation strategies taking into account the level of visibility. The obtained simulation results on a realistic model of the Metro supermarket of Hanoi confirm the important impact of smoke effect and blind evacuation strategy on the number of casualties.     

Phased evacuation: An optimisation model which takes into account the capacity drop phenomenon in pedestrian flows

Experiments have been performed to study pedestrian flow through bottlenecks under oversaturated conditions. The data underline a new phenomenon in pedestrian flows: when high-density conditions occur upstream of a bottleneck, the maximum capacity of the bottleneck (i.e. the maximum number of pedestrians that can flow through the bottleneck in a given time interval) can drop. This is referred to as “capacity drop” and should be carefully taken into account when dealing with building evacuation philosophy.     

Evacuation travel paths in virtual reality experiments for tunnel safety analysis

A case study on the analysis of evacuation travel paths in virtual reality (VR) tunnel fire experiments is presented to increase the understanding on evacuation behaviour. A novel method based on the study of the parametric equations of the occupants’ evacuation travel paths using vector operators inspired by functional analysis theory and the new concept of interaction areas (IAs) is introduced. IAs are presented and calculated in order to represent the distance of an occupant from a reference point (e.g., an emergency exit, the fire source, etc.) over time. The method allows comparisons of travel paths between experimental groups as well as comparisons with reference paths (e.g. user-defined paths, real-world paths, etc.). Results show that a common assumption employed by evacuation models (the use of a hypothetical path based on the shortest distance) may be an over-simplistic approximation of the evacuation paths.     

龙耀路越江隧道中智能消防疏散指示系统的应用

越江隧道为人员密集型场所,针对火灾消防逃生的需求,系统地介绍智能消防疏散指示系统。以龙耀路越江隧道为例,从系统设置、布线、工作方式和效果等角度阐述了该系统在越江隧道中的实际应用。