Incorporating Environmental Value and Externality in Project Evaluation as a Sustainability Indicator to evaluate Bangladesh Water Development

A major difficulty of conventional cost benefit analysis is that it will allow choosing an alternative among others only on the criterion of economic efficiency: that the selected project or activity has been proven to produce economic benefits over costs for the period of the project. An analysis of this kind generally does not create a problem if the costs and benefits series are easy to quantify and clearly identifiable. However, almost all projects linked with the environment are clear exceptions to this category. Many environmental projects are facing a difficulty of evaluating the success based on economic efficiency due to two reasons: (a) environmental benefits are difficult to quantify and (b) environmental interactions that will cause severe externalities are difficult to predict. The main objective of this paper is to suggest a new method that can be used to overcome such difficulties in environmental projects. Data used in this analysis will demonstrate a practical approach to evaluate environmental projects. The evaluation proposed is different to traditional analysis in that it has been based on a large programme of primary research and has included efforts to achieve a consensus of all stakeholders, including those directly involved in project implementation.     

A clustering method to identify representative financial ratios

When companies evaluate their performance, it is impractical to take all of their financial ratios into consideration. To evaluate the financial performance of a company, only a fraction of the available financial ratios are considered and selected as evaluation criteria. In general, financial ratios presented as sequences (or called financial ratio sequences), are first clustered and then a representative indicator is chosen from each cluster to serve as an evaluation criterion. To cluster financial ratios, we propose a clustering method in which the financial ratios of different companies with similar variations are partitioned into the same cluster. In other words, a fuzzy relation is proposed to represent the similarity between the financial ratios, and a cluster validation index is also provided to determine the number of clusters. Once the financial ratios are clustered, the representative indicator for each cluster will be identified.     

活塞式压缩机示功图计算机测试系统

介绍了活塞式压缩机示功图计算机测试系统的构成和工作原理。该系统能精确测定示功图并对其进行分析处理。     

The Hirsch index in manufacturing and Quality engineering

The Hirsch index (h) is a recent bibliometric indicator for assessing the research output of scientists. Its most remarkable characteristics are immediate intuitive meaning, effective synthesis and easy calculation. With few modifications, the use of this indicator can be profitably extended to other fields beyond bibliometrics. The main novelty of the paper is to suggest some potential applications in manufacturing and Quality engineering, focussing the attention on the h capacity to aggregate and synthesize the most commonly used metrics in these areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new computational method of a moment-independent uncertainty importance measure

For a risk assessment model, the uncertainty in input parameters is propagated through the model and leads to the uncertainty in the model output. The study of how the uncertainty in the output of a model can be apportioned to the uncertainty in the model inputs is the job of sensitivity analysis. Saltelli [Sensitivity analysis for importance assessment. Risk Analysis 2002;22(3):579-90] pointed out that a good sensitivity indicator should be global, quantitative and model free. Borgonovo [A new uncertainty importance measure. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2007;92(6):771-84] further extended these three requirements by adding the fourth feature, moment-independence, and proposed a new sensitivity measure, δ_i. It evaluates the influence of the input uncertainty on the entire output distribution without reference to any specific moment of the model output. In this paper, a new computational method of δ_i is proposed. It is conceptually simple and easier to implement. The feasibility of this new method is proved by applying it to two examples.     

Galapagos indicator of El Niño using monthly SST from NASA Giovanni system

One geographical point could be sufficient to track El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This paper describes an approach to such tracking based on environmental modeling of sea surface temperature (SST). The key model of the approach is the most anomalous indicator of SST as a point near Isabella Island, Galapagos. This point can be computed using monthly SST data from NASA Giovanni system. Comparison with most popular indices demonstrates that such Galapagos indicator can clear indicate both El Niño and La Niña events.     

单一河道砂体边界地质模型及其地震正演响应特征

在河流相岩性油气藏勘探开发中,单一河道砂体边界的识别是关键。由于河道砂体尺度小、散度大,地震资料分辨率有限,砂体边界识别存在不确定性。在密井网条件下,通过应用钻井和测井等资料,从曲流河的沉积特点和演变规律出发,分析河流相砂体边界展布规律,确定了单一河道边界的4种识别标志并分别建立了地质模型。利用地震正演模拟技术研究了4种识别标志为边界条件的单一河道砂体地震响应特征,确定了它们的主要地震相模式,提高了利用地震资料识别单一河道砂体的可靠性。     

显示卡故障引起电脑黑屏的处理办法

由于显示卡故障而引起的电脑黑屏现象是一种常见的硬件故障．很多人一但碰上却束手无策，本文就该故障产生的种种原因进行全面的分析并提出相应的解决办法以供大家在以后的日常应用中参考。     

我国教育网站评价存在的问题及评价指标体系的初步确立

目前，我国教育网站数量多、种类杂、质量参差不齐，人们需要对它们做出科学合理的分析和评价。然而，我国教育网站评价存在一系列的问题。本文针对这些问题提出建立一套科学合理的评价指标体系的重要性，并建立了教育网站评价指标体系的初步框架。     

A New Smoothness Indicator for the WENO Schemes and Its Effect on the Convergence to Steady State Solutions

The convergence to steady state solutions of the Euler equations for the fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference scheme with the Lax–Friedrichs flux splitting [7, (1996) J. Comput. Phys. 126, 202–228.] is studied through systematic numerical tests. Numerical evidence indicates that this type of WENO scheme suffers from slight post-shock oscillations. Even though these oscillations are small in magnitude and do not affect the “essentially non-oscillatory” property of WENO schemes, they are indeed responsible for the numerical residue to hang at the truncation error level of the scheme instead of settling down to machine zero. We propose a new smoothness indicator for the WENO schemes in steady state calculations, which performs better near the steady shock region than the original smoothness indicator in [7, (1996) J. Comput. Phys. 126, 202–228.]. With our new smoothness indicator, the slight post-shock oscillations are either removed or significantly reduced and convergence is improved significantly. Numerical experiments show that the residue for the WENO scheme with this new smoothness indicator can converge to machine zero for one and two dimensional (2D) steady problems with strong shock waves when there are no shocks passing through the domain boundaries. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Xu-Dong Liu.