管内材料高温放气性能的测试及应用研究

管内材料放气性能的优劣直接影响着整管的性能和寿命.本文简介了测试管内材料高温放气性能的原理、装置和方法.文中列举的几项应用实例表明,本项测试结果对产品质量控制、工艺技术改进和材料进厂检验及国产化攻关都具有指导意义.     

圆管流动的二次转捩

利用直接数值模拟方法求解N-S方程来研究空间发展的圆管转捩,计算中雷诺数Re选定为3000。在局部壁面引入的周期性吹吸(PSB)扰动作用下,圆管中首先出现了塞流结构,并向下游迁移,同时有稳定的流向条带结构形成;在塞流结构离开计算域后,随着扰动的不断发展,流向条带结构逐渐破裂失稳,圆管流动出现了第二次转捩,这是一种新的转捩形式,我们称之为“二次转捩”。     

Prebiotic synthesis of sequential peptides on the Hadean beach by a molecular engine working with nitrogen oxides as energy sources

Addressing the still open question of the prebiotic origin of sequential macromolecules (peptides, nucleic acids) on the primitive Earth, we describe a molecular engine (the primary pump), which works at ambient temperature and continuously generates, elongates and complexifies sequential peptides. This new scenario is based on a cyclic reaction sequence, whose keystep is the activation of amino acids into their N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA) through nitrosation by NOx. This process could have taken place on tidal beaches; it requires a buffered ocean, emerged land and a nitrosating atmosphere. With the help of geochemical studies and computer simulations of atmosphere photochemistry, we show that the primitive Earth during the Hadean may have satisfied all these requirements. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.     

城市RBD的成长机制与产业结构演变研究——以深圳华侨城为例

深圳华侨城是一个持续成长的休闲商务中心区的典型范例.在华侨城的成长和产业变迁过程中,休闲商务的发展具有很强的影响力.从城市边缘的华侨农场逐步发展为现代化城市中心区的RBD,华侨城演变的动力直接来源于4个方面:政策导向、市场导向、所有制导向和城市化导向.     

Neutral fitness landscapes in signalling networks

Biological and technological systems process information by means of cascades of signals. Be they interacting genes, spiking neurons or electronic transistors, information travels across these systems, producing, for each set of external conditions, an appropriate response. In technology, circuits performing specific complex tasks are designed by humans. In biology, however, design has to be ruled out, confronting us with the question of how these systems could have arisen by accumulation of small changes. The key factor is the genotype-phenotype map. With the exception of RNA folding, not much is known about the exact nature of this mapping. Here, we show that structure of the genotype-phenotype map of simple feed-forward circuits is very close to the ones found in RNA; they have a large degree of neutrality, by which a circuit can be completely rewired keeping its input-output function intact, and there is a relatively small neighbourhood of a given circuit containing almost all the phenotypes.     

Accurate and simple synthesis formulas for coplanar waveguides

Simple and accurate closed‐form formulas obtained by using a differential evolution algorithm are presented for the synthesis of coplanar waveguides (CPW). The results of the synthesis formulas proposed in this article are compared with those of the quasi‐static analysis, the synthesis formulas reported by the other researchers and also the experimental works available in the literature. The accuracy of the proposed synthesis formulas is found to be better than 0.75% for 9256 CPWs samples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.     

Continuous hydrogen evolution from cyclohexanes over platinum catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers

The continuous production of hydrogen from cyclohexanes is achieved effectively using Pt/ACF (ACF = activated carbon fiber) catalysts in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The Pt catalysts are more effective than a Pd/ACF catalyst for the reaction. Besides cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane, and p-menthane can also be employed as hydrogen source in the reaction system.     

Reverse logistics network design with stochastic lead times

This work is concerned with the efficient design of a reverse logistics network using an extended version of models currently found in the literature. Those traditional, basic models are formulated as mixed integer linear programs (MILP-model) and determine which facilities to open that minimize the investment, processing, transportation, disposal and penalty costs while supply, demand and capacity constraints are satisfied. However, we show that they can be improved when they are combined with a queueing model because it enables to account for (1) some dynamic aspects like lead time and inventory positions, and (2) the higher degree of uncertainty inherent to reverse logistics. Since this extension introduces nonlinear relationships, the problem is defined as a mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP-model). Due to this additional complexity, the MINLP-model is presented for a single product-single-level network. Several examples are solved with a genetic algorithm based on the technique of differential evolution.     

盐湖沉积储层孔隙结构特征及演化模式--以马王庙油田为例

盐湖沉积条件下的沉积环境及储集层特征等具有与淡水沉积不同的特征,通过对江汉盐湖盆地马王庙地区储层孔隙结构特征的研究,揭示了孔隙结构的宏观及微观特征.该区新沟咀组下段砂岩储层孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主,喉道主要为片状、弯片状及点状喉道.Ⅱ、Ⅲ油组的物性比Ⅰ油组好,平面上孔隙分布具分区性.孔喉配置主要为大孔中喉,次为大孔粗喉及中孔中喉.孔隙结构受沉积环境及成岩作用的影响.以马36井Ⅱ油组砂岩为例,建立了孔隙演化定量模式.