污泥资源化关键装置的构造设计

为解决城市生活污水处理后的副产品污泥的二次污染问题,提出将有害的污泥变成有用资源的机械设计模型。基于污泥脱水后与煤粉颗粒混合、成型形成可燃烧燃料的功能规划,在研究分析机构混合送进腔型和湿固体颗粒体物料受力运动之间的相互牵连关系的基础上,以进出物料总量的平衡和湿固体颗粒体物料在机构中充分混合的运动特性为理论依据,建立了以曲线外壁、变螺距螺旋叶片腔型的结构模型,经试验验证,获得污泥资源化关键装置结构模型的参数与约束关系,由此为自主研制开发新型高效的现代污水处理装置的关键设备提供理论基础。     

低碳城市水资源回收中心升级为绿色加气站与加电站评估

本研究考虑2种情境提升原有都市水资源回收中心为绿色加气站,设置"绿色加气站"(含"甲烷供应系统"及"绿色氢供应系统")与"绿色加电站".故变更本水资源处理流程,分2种构想.构想1,将园区周边高浓度有机废水做为本处理厂水来源之一,或采用高低浓度废水分流收集方式,废水处理系统则采用两相式厌氧处理系统,以废水及污泥产制氢气及甲烷气成为气态生质能源.构想2,于现有规划设计增设新型有机污泥处理设施,包含高温好氧消化系统及甲烷化系统,可以直接生产甲烷气.另外,可于场址顶部设计太阳能丛林,产生之电力直接供应园区用电,或将处理出流水电解产生氢气燃料.本研究以污水处理量18 000CMD计算可产生之气体燃料,并换算至现有压缩天然气(CNG)公交车、电动车以及氢能汽车所需气体燃料量进行效益分析,若废水处理流程更改为构想1,每日所产生之氢气可供应250部氢能车使用,同时产生的甲烷气体可供应50部CNG公交车使用,若氢气透过燃料电池发电可供应378车次的电动车充电,但此方案必须导入园区周边的高浓度有机废水,将废水COD浓度提高至5g/L才能有效实行.构想2,在不更动现有的水资源回收处理程序设计下,仅在程序中增加有机污泥能源化系统,每日产制出的甲烷气体可供应20部CNG公交车使用,并降低系统污泥产生量达80%,不仅可达到能源回收的目的亦可降低污泥处置成本.最后若于水资源处理中心建物顶端设置太阳能板丛林,所产生的电力可供应园区使用,或可提供电动车加电站使用,每日可补充22车次的电动车.透过设置放流水电解系统,每日可供应7部氢能车使用;设置太阳能发电及电解系统,不仅可提升水回收比例,更具有展示及美化功能.     

净水厂生产废水回用中丙烯酰胺的风险控制

以西安市某地表水厂为例,针对生产废水回用后出厂水中丙烯酰胺含量超标问题,进行了相关的风险控制研究.研究结果表明:对不同浓度的污泥,投加阴离子型和阳离子型PAM均能有效降低污泥比阻值,改善污泥的脱水性能,但使用阴离子型PAM,出厂水丙烯酰胺含量更低.综合考虑污泥脱水效果及脱水分离液中丙烯酰胺的残留量,采用阴离子型PAM,投药量在0.09～0.16g/L之间时,可有效控制出厂水中丙烯酰胺含量超标的风险.     

Technological and environmental behavior of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in cement-based materials

Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a waste material obtained from the incineration of wastewater sludge. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of SSA, and the evaluation of its use in cement-based materials, are presented in this paper. Results show that SSA is composed of irregular grains having a high specific surface area and thus leading to a significantly high water demand. A fraction of the ash is rapidly soluble (sulfates, aluminum and silica) and can create new-formed products in presence of lime. SSA induces short delays of cement hydration, probably due to both minor elements of the ash and dilution effect. Compressive strengths of mortars containing 25% and 50% of SSA are always lower than those of reference mortars but it is shown that SSA has a long-term positive effect which might be related to a slight pozzolanic activity. The amount of elements leached from SSA mortars is slightly higher than from the reference mortar without residue but it remains of the same order of magnitude. An extensive literature review was performed in order to compare the residue used in this study with others included in the same category. This analysis highlighted the principal characteristics that must be taken into account to use SSA correctly in cement-based materials.     

2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇+直链一元醇二元体系的过量摩尔体积和表观摩尔体积298.15 K)

Excess molar volumes (Vm^E) of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol[CH3C(OH)(CH3)CHCH2] with four 1-alcohols:methanol,ethanol,1-propanol and 1-butanol at 298.15K and atmospheric pressure are derived from density measurements with a vibrating-tube densimeter.All the excess volumes are negative in the systems over the entire composition range. The results are correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation.The effects of chain length of 1-alcohols on Vm^E are discussed.The apparent molar volumes of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and 1-alcohols are calculated respectively.     

粉煤灰在电镀行业中的应用

本文主要阐述了粉煤灰在电镀行业中的研究现状及应用状况,分析讨论了粉煤灰处理电镀污染物的机理,对比了现有的电镀污染物传统处理方法,并指出了粉煤灰在电镀行业应用中存在的问题及发展前景.     

钻井废水的可生化性研究

钻井废水来源于油气田勘探开发作业过程,含有种类繁多的有机类钻井液添加剂和石油类污染物.利用城市污水处理厂活性污泥好氧生化处理钻井废水,通过测定微生物生化呼吸速率曲线考察废水的可生化性,研究了微生物营养、微生物浓度、活性污泥的驯化对可生化性的影响.结果表明,钻井废水具有可生化性,钻井废水中的污染物质对驯化后的活性污泥是易降解的.     

Effect of Cd Addition on Superconducting Fluctuations and Mechanical Properties of Bi1.82Pb0.36Sr2Ca2Cd x Cu3O y System

A study was made of the effect of Cd additions on the superconducting and mechanical properties of Bi_1.82Pb_0.36Sr₂Ca₂ Cd_xCu₃O_y (x = 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.55). Characterization of the Cd-samples using XRD, DTA, and SEM techniques, has confirmed that remarkably formation of low-T _c phase (2212) by the addition of Cd up to 0.35. High-resolution electrical resistivity ρ (T) data on the composition of Cd = 0.35 have been taken for investigating critically the superconducting fluctuations. Using the Aslamazov and Larkin (AL) and Lawrence and Doniach (LD) models of excess conductivity. Excess conductivity analysis shows that this composition (Cd = 0.35) is 2D in the temperature range 137.8–163.7 K and a 3D one below 137.8 K. Thus, a crossover from 2D to 3D is observed at 137.8 K. Sample microhardness and density are greatly improved by Cd-additions (0.35). This trend is probably due to the intercalation of cadmium between superconducting grains in compositions may provide a plastic-flow region that allows relaxation of undesirable stresses resulting from the grain anisotropy of superconductors.     

煤粉再燃过程中飞灰含碳量的影响因素分析

针对一台410t/h煤粉锅炉设计了再燃实施方案,提出煤粉颗粒群变氧浓度燃尽计算方法,计算分析再燃燃料比例、配风情况、再燃煤粉细度对煤粉炉内燃烧过程和飞灰含碳量的作用影响规律。结果表明,再燃实施方案设计合理,与现运行相比飞灰含碳量增加1.04%。为保证煤粉的燃尽度,燃尽区高度应大于7m,为煤粉提供大于1s的燃烧时间。主燃区过量空气系数、再燃区过量空气系数和再燃燃料比例在小范围内变化虽然影响到颗粒的燃烧放热过程,但对飞灰含碳量的影响不大。飞灰含碳量随燃尽区过量空气减少呈非线性显著增加,随再燃煤粉细度增加呈指数函数关系减少。再燃粉越细,飞灰含碳量随细度增加而降低越慢。     

脱氮除磷污泥（混合液）回流方法

简要分析了脱氮除磷工艺三种污泥(混合液)回流方法(泵提升法,叶轮搅拌提升法和空气提升法)各自的特点,并认为由于叶轮搅拌提升法和空气提升法便于实现构筑物一体化,可以简化工艺流程,节省基建投资,而且能耗低,操作简单,在拟建的中小规模污水处理厂中具有良好的应用前景。