对封闭住区负面效应及和谐城市空间构建的思考

随着国民经济的快速发展和改革开放的不断深入,社会经济发生急剧变化,如住房市场化和社会阶层分化等使社会物质体系产生了翻天覆地的变化,现代封闭住区也应运而生,并逐渐发展成为我国新建居住型住区的主导模式。然而,目前封闭所引起的社会负面效应严重有悖于我国和谐城市空间的构建。研究通过对封闭住区与和谐城市的解读,剖析两者矛盾关系,并从空间营造角度展开了构建和谐城市的思考。     

公共建筑与住宅建筑非传统水源利用技术分析

对在公共建筑与住宅建筑中利用非传统水源的技术进行了比较和分析,着重研究了雨水、中水和海水利用技术,指出了各项技术的优缺点和适用条件。结果表明,采用雨水利用技术时,可以因地制宜采用与直接利用、渗透、调节等功能相关的技术组合;采用中水回用技术时,可采用有发展前景的膜生物反应器技术,也可采用生物接触氧化或混凝沉淀等技术;采用海水利用技术时,可根据各种技术特点选用多级闪蒸、低温多效、反渗透等技术,另外,用清洁能源淡化海水是海水淡化技术的发展方向。实践中选用非传统水源利用技术时,应综合各种因素,进行全面比较。     

城市河道的景观型堤防设计

针对城市河道的堤防成为隔阻视线通达水岸空间的屏障,影响滨河景观建设和亲水空间营建建设的不利因素,提出在满足防洪功能基础上,综合考虑堤防自身和与周边环境融合的景观价值,以及利于植物生长、生物生息的生态价值,营建景观型堤防的理念。阐述了合理确定适宜的堤线位置,选择理想景观型堤防材料的方法;并在实践中总结或创新了复式断面营建亲水空间,多种形式组合处理堤坡,以及错层建筑分隔法等消除堤防高差视觉不利影响的方法。     

Examination of thermal comfort in a hospital using PMV-PPD model

In this study, the performance of air conditioning system and the level of thermal comfort are determined in a state hospital located in Kermanshah city in the west of Iran in winter and summer using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model which has been presented by ISO-7730 (2005). The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indices were computed using the data acquired from the experimental measurements performed in the building. The results showed that the values of PMV in some parts of the building, both for men and women, are not within the standard acceptable range defined by ISO. It was found that the most thermal problems in winter occur in morning work shift, and the worst thermal conditions in summer occur in noon work shift. The t-test results revealed that there is no noticeable difference between the thermal conditions of some rooms and those of the surroundings.     

Open-loop and feedback-controlled mouse cursor movements in linear paths

Path length (A), path width (W) and movement direction (θ) are identified as the main factors affecting visually-controlled movement times in linear paths. Effects of A and W are well described by Drury's ( 1971 . Movements with lateral constraint. Ergonomics, l4 (2), 293-305.) model in which movement time is linearly related to the ratio of A/W. At low A/W values, departure from linearity has been identified but not investigated in detail. Data are presented for both open-loop and feedback-controlled movements in linear paths at 0, 60 and 150° movement directions. Movement amplitude and path width were varied over a wide range to determine the effects of A and (A/W) on movement time. Movements were found to be made ballistically or in open-loop mode when the ratio (A/W) was less than about 8 to 10 and the movement times were linearly related to √A for all angles of movement. Feedback-controlled movements followed Drury's law; ballistic movements had movement speed linear with √A. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Many tasks require manoeuvring equipment or devices through a path of limited width. These movements can be made with or without feedback control, depending on the path constraints. The conditions for the two forms of movement are determined in this research.     

Low back injury risks during construction with prefabricated (panelised) walls: effects of task and design factors

New technology designed to increase productivity in residential construction may exacerbate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among residential construction workers. Of interest here are panelised (prefabricated) wall systems (or panels) and facilitating an ongoing effort to provide proactive control of ergonomic exposures and risks among workers using panels. This study, which included 24 participants, estimated WMSD risks using five methods during common panel erection tasks and the influences of panel mass (sheathed vs. unsheathed) and size (wall length). WMSD risks were fairly high overall; e.g. 34% and 77% of trials exceeded the ‘action limits’ for spinal compressive and shear forces, respectively. Heavier (sheathed) panels significantly increased risks, although the magnitude of this effect differed with panel size and between tasks. Higher levels of risk were found in tasks originating from ground vs. knuckle height. Several practical recommendations based on the results are discussed.

Statement of Relevance:Panelised wall systems have the potential to increase productivity in residential construction, but may result in increased worker injury risks. Results from this study can be used to generate future panel design and construction processes that can proactively address WMSD risks.     

对老龄化背景下居住区活动场所的调查研究——以杭州市若干居住小区为例

以不同类型的居住小区活动场所为调研对象,归纳活动场所在老年人Et常生活交往、社区设施布置及环境规划等方面的不足,从总体模式和细节处理上提出对不同类型居住区在规划与建设上的对策,研究结果可供政府将适老社区改造纳入城市综合改造的政策制定参考,也可为今后社区开发中涉及中老年客户的地产项目提供理论支持。     

上海地区冬季住宅室内外颗粒物浓度的相关性

对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1的浓度进行了测量,研究了最小通风量（外门窗关闭）条件下3种天气时颗粒浓度随时间变化的规律以及相关性,分析了颗粒物浓度与环境温湿度参数之间的关系.研究结果显示,测试期间,室内外空气中细颗粒（PM 2.5）占可吸入颗粒（PM 10）浓度比例分别达65％和87％以上;无明显室内源时,I/O比值小于1且随粒径减小而减小;室内外颗粒浓度相关性与粒径大小有关系,PM1、PM2.5的浓度相关性大于PM10.研究还表明,颗粒物浓度的关联性与天气状况有关系,多云、雨天和阴天时浓度关联性有显著差别;颗粒物的浓度受到室内外温湿度的影响,且受天气状况影响而呈现复杂性.     

传统吉祥图案在古典建筑装饰中的应用

古典建筑中的吉祥图案是建筑的重要组成部分,凝结了中国传统文化的精髓．本文简单介绍了传统吉洋图案的产生背景及寓意,并从屋顶、门窗、铺地设计等方面对吉祥图案在古典建筑装饰中的应用进行了分析．     

三合一建筑的安全现状及管理对策

三合一场所是指集生产、住宿、仓储为一体的经营性场所。通过对三合一场所消防安全现状的分析,针对存在的问题,进而提出有效的破解思路和对策,从而为政府和消防部门的整治提供了依据,有助于消除火灾隐患,减少火灾事故的发生。