Cold Plasma‐Mediated Treatments for Shelf Life Extension of Fresh Produce: A Review of Recent Research Developments

Fresh produce, like fruits and vegetables, are important sources of nutrients and health‐promoting compounds. However, incidences of foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce often occur; it is thus important to develop and expand decay‐control technologies that can not only maintain the quality but can also control the biological hazards in postharvest, processing, and storage to extend their shelf life. It is under such a situation that plasma‐mediated treatments have been developed as a novel nonthermal processing tool, offering many advantages and attracting much interest from researchers and the food industry. This review summarizes recent developments of cold plasma technology and associated activated water for shelf life extension of fresh produce. An overview of plasma generation and its physical–chemical properties as well as methods for improving plasma efficiency are first presented. Details of using the technology as a nonthermal agent in inhibiting spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, inactivating enzymes, and modifying the barrier properties or imparting specific functionalities of packaging materials to extend shelf life of food produce are then reviewed, and the effects of cold plasma‐mediated treatment on microstructure and quality attributes of fresh produce are discussed. Future prospects and research gaps of cold plasma are finally elucidated. The review shows that atmospheric plasma‐mediated treatments in various gas mixtures can significantly inhibit microorganisms, inactive enzyme, and modify packaging materials, leading to shelf life extension of fresh produce. The quality attributes of treated produce are not compromised but improved. Therefore, plasma‐mediated treatment has great potential and values for its application in the food industry.     

面向绿色制造的产品加工工艺规划方案评估

针对绿色制造背景下产品加工工艺规划方案评估中的不确定性和不相容性问题,提出了一种基于可拓分析和D-S理论的产品加工工艺规划方案评估方法。根据可拓分析理论,建立了产品加工工艺规划方案评估问题的经典域物元矩阵、节域物元矩阵和待评物元矩阵,并求得了待评物元矩阵的关联函数矩阵;经过转换处理后,建立了D-S理论的辨别框架,将拓展分析中的关联函数矩阵扩展为D-S理论中的基本概率指派（BPA）函数矩阵;采用综合考虑对比强度和冲突性的CRITIC法计算各特征的重要度,并对证据进行融合,根据融合后的BPA函数值对待评工艺规划方案进行分析比较,最后得到了多个工艺规划方案的分级结果以及同级方案的排序关系。通过某型号汽车后门框加工工艺规划方案评估的实例应用,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于粗糙集理论的关联聚类中长期负荷预测法

中长期电力负荷预测是电网规划的一项重要基础工作。由于中长期尺度上的电力负荷受各种相关因素的影响较大,提高负荷预测的准确性难度很大。采用粗糙集理论对影响电力负荷的诸多相关因素的影响程度进行分析,找出影响负荷变化的主要的因素;并以这些影响因素对历史数据进行了聚类,找到与预测目标年最接近的类别来进行负荷预测。文中的算例结果说明了方法的有效性。     

歧口凹陷断裂密集带形成演化特征及油气富集差异研究

断裂密集带作为斜向伸展作用的标志性产物,是断块油气藏形成与聚集的主要场所。针对歧口凹陷不同走向断裂密集带油气富集差异较大的问题,通过统计密集带几何学特征及构造组合样式,结合断裂带形成演化规律,分析不同走向断裂带油气富集差异。结果表明:歧口凹陷主要发育NEE、EW向及NNE向3种断裂带。其中,NNE向断裂带形成时期最早,断裂的垂向输导能力最弱,油气在深部富集;NEE向断裂带随后形成,断裂对盖层的破坏作用最强,油气在深、浅层均有分布;EW向断裂带形成时期最晚,断裂的垂向输导能力介于前两者之间。研究成果可为歧口凹陷及相似的多期裂陷盆地断裂密集带的油气勘探工作提供理论支撑。     

Distance and similarity measures of Pythagorean fuzzy sets based on the Hausdorff metric with application to fuzzy TOPSIS

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) were proposed by Yager in 2013 to treat imprecise and vague information in daily life more rigorously and efficiently with higher precision than intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this paper, we construct new distance and similarity measures of PFSs based on the Hausdorff metric. We first develop a method to calculate a distance between PFSs based on the Hasudorff metric, along with proving several properties and theorems. We then consider a generalization of other distance measures, such as the Hamming distance, the Euclidean distance, and their normalized versions. On the basis of the proposed distances for PFSs, we give new similarity measures to compute the similarity degree of PFSs. Some examples related to pattern recognition and linguistic variables are used to validate the proposed distance and similarity measures. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to multicriteria decision-making by constructing a Pythagorean fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and then present a practical example to address an important issue related to social sector. Numerical results indicate that the proposed methods are reasonable and applicable and also that they are well suited in pattern recognition, linguistic variables, and multicriteria decision-making with PFSs.     

基于Word2Vec模型特征扩展的Web搜索结果聚类性能的改进

对于用户泛化和模糊的查询，将Web搜索引擎返回的列表内容聚类处理，便于用户有效查找感兴趣的内容。由于返回的列表由称为片段（snippet）的短文本组成，而传统的单词频率-逆文档频率（TF-IDF）特征选择模型不能适用于稀疏的短文本，使得聚类性能下降。一个有效的方法就是通过一个外部的知识库对短文本进行扩展。受到基于神经网络词表示方法的启发，提出了通过词嵌入技术的Word2Vec模型对短文本扩展，即采用Word2Vec模型的TopN个最相似的单词用于对片段（snippet）的扩展，扩展文档使得TF-IDF模型特征选择得到聚类性能的提高。同时考虑到通用性单词造成的噪声引入，对扩展文档的TF-IDF矩阵进行了词频权重修正。实验在两个公开数据集ODP239和SearchSnippets上完成，将所提方法和纯snippet无扩展的方法、基于Wordnet的特征扩展方法和基于Wikipedia的特征扩展方法进行了对比。实验结果表明，所提方法在聚类性能方面优于对比方法。     

From sustainability to sustainizability

Following the recent introduction of the Sustainability over Sets (SOS) concept as a sustainability analysis tool with broad flexibility in incorporating human input, in this work, the concepts of Sustainizability (SIZ) and Sustainizability over Sets (SIZOS) are introduced, as novel frameworks for sustainable system synthesis. Springing off the conceptual foundation of sustainability, SIZ (and SIZOS) refers to the existence of allowable external actions, and/or design changes that can render sustainable (sustainable over a set) an unsustainable (unsustainable over a set) system. Utilizing earlier mathematical results for SOS, rigorous necessary and sufficient conditions for SIZOS are presented. Two case studies, on a two-dimensional biological waste treatment system, and a three-dimensional food chain system, are then presented to illustrate the developed necessary and sufficient conditions for SIZOS.