Catalase (CAT) Gene Family in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Genome-Wide Analysis,Identification, and Expression Pattern in Response to Multiple Hormones and Abiotic Stress Conditions

Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant enzyme expressed by the CAT gene family and exists in almost all aerobic organisms. Environmental stresses induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that eventually hinder plant growth and development. The CAT enzyme translates the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to water (H₂O) and reduce the ROS levels to shelter the cells’ death. So far, the CAT gene family has not been reported in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Therefore, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis was conducted to classify the CAT genes in the rapeseed genome. The current study identified 14 BnCAT genes in the rapeseed genome. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis, the BnCATs belong to four groups (Groups I–IV). A gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that Group I, Group II, and Group IV possess almost the same intron/exon pattern, and an equal number of motifs, while Group III contains diverse structures and contain 15 motifs. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters, we identified five hormone-correlated responsive elements and four stress-related responsive elements. Further, six putative bna-miRNAs were also identified, targeting three genes (BnCAT4, BnCAT6, and BnCAT8). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the BnCAT genes were largely related to cellular organelles, ROS response, stimulus response, stress response, and antioxidant enzymes. Almost 10 BnCAT genes showed higher expression levels in different tissues, i.e., root, leaf, stem, and silique. The expression analysis showed that BnCAT1–BnCAT3 and BnCAT11–BnCAT13 were significantly upregulated by cold, salinity, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) treatment, but not by drought and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Notably, most of the genes were upregulated by waterlogging stress, except BnCAT6, BnCAT9, and BnCAT10. Our results opened new windows for future investigations and provided insights into the CAT family genes in rapeseed.     

LF软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢氧化物夹杂控制影响

 对于一些采用硅锰脱氧冶炼工艺的特殊钢,为保证钢水洁净度,常会选择较长时间的LF软吹处理,导致过程能耗增加。通过工业试验,借助FEI Explorer 4自动扫描电镜检测,研究不同LF精炼软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr铸坯氧化物夹杂成分、数量的影响;并采用夹杂物极值统计法,对比评价不同LF精炼软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸控制情况。结果表明,在LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min 两种工艺条件下,铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂成分接近,均在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃相图中假硅灰石、钙长石和钙铝黄长石共晶低熔点区,其中软吹10 min工艺铸坯氧化物夹杂组成落入低熔点区的数量所占比例更大。LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为11.70个/100 mm2和14.59个/100 mm2,尺寸大于15 μm 的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为0.53个/100 mm2和1.65个/100 mm2,LF软吹10 min工艺铸坯大尺寸氧化物夹杂数量密度略低于LF软吹40 min工艺。当预测面积为30 000 mm2时,两种LF软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸分别为27.1 μm和28.1 μm,盘条最大夹杂物尺寸控制无显著差别。结合硅锰脱氧钢中大尺寸低熔点CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系夹杂物主要源自钢包渣乳化卷入,具有与钢水和氩气泡界面接触角很小、难以通过吹氩上浮去除的特点,建议硅锰脱氧钢LF软吹过程按短时间快节奏进行控制。     

Effects of extreme floods on macroinvertebrate assemblages in tributaries to the Mohawk River,New York,USA

Climate change is forecast to bring more frequent and intense precipitation to New York which has motivated research into the effects of floods on stream ecosystems. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled at 13 sites in the Mohawk River basin during August 2011, and again in October 2011, following historic floods caused by remnants of Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. The annual exceedance probabilities of floods at regional flow‐monitoring sites ranged from 0.5 to 0.001. Data from the first 2 surveys, and from additional surveys done during July and October 2014, were assessed to characterize the severity of flood impacts, effect of seasonality, and recovery. Indices of total taxa richness; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness; Hilsenhoff's biotic index; per cent model affinity; and nutrient biotic index‐phosphorus were combined to calculate New York State Biological Assessment Profile scores. Analysis of variance tests were used to determine if the Biological Assessment Profile, its component metrics, relative abundance, and diversity differed significantly (p ≤ .05) among the four surveys. Only total taxa richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity increased significantly, and abundance decreased significantly, following the floods. No metrics differed significantly between the July and August 2014 surveys which indicates that the differences denoted between the August and October 2011 surveys were caused by the floods. Changes in taxa richness, EPT richness, and diversity were significantly correlated with flood annual exceedance probabilities. This study increased our understanding of the resistance and resilience of benthic macroinvertebrate communities by showing that their assemblages were relatively impervious to extreme floods across the region.     

网络结构增长的极端学习机算法

针对极端学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)结构设计问题,基于隐含层激活函数及其导函数提出一种前向神经网络结构增长算法.首先以Sigmoid函数为例给出了一类基函数的派生特性:导函数可以由其原函数表示.其次,利用这种派生特性提出了ELM结构设计方法,该方法自动生成双隐含层前向神经网络,其第1隐含层的结点随机逐一生成.第2隐含层的输出由第1隐含层新添结点的激活函数及其导函数确定,输出层权值由最小二乘法分析获得.最后给出了所提算法收敛性及稳定性的理论证明.对非线性系统辨识及双螺旋分类问题的仿真结果证明了所提算法的有效性.     

一种基于簇的极限学习机的在线学习算法

针对传统的批量学习算法学习速度慢、对空间需求量高的缺点,提出了一种基于簇的极限学习机的在线学习算法。该算法将分簇的理念融入到极限学习机中,并结合极限学习机,提出了一种基于样本类别和样本输出的分簇标准;同时提出了一种加权的Moore-Penrose算法求隐层节点与输出节点的连接权重。实验结果表明,该算法具有学习能力好、拟合度高、泛化性能好等优点。     

空中动态悬跨缆设计及极值疲劳分析

从工程实际问题出发,利用实测资料,对渤海上的一个连接FPSO与固定导管架平台的动态悬跨缆进行基本的线型设计.借助Orcaflex软件对动态缆响应进行非线性时域分析,在不同海况下对动态缆进行极值分析和疲劳分析,进而对其进行安全评估,指出管缆的危险区域.结果对类似的悬跨缆设计、分析以及对其危险区域的保护等工作有实际参考意义.     

Identification of some volatile compounds in the odor of fecal pellets of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus

A study has been made of the volatile constituents in the vapors collected from fecal pellets of wild rabbits,Oryctolagus cuniculus. Measurements of changes in the heart rates of adult male rabbits exposed to the effluent of a gas chromatographic capillary column were used to indicate the presence of compounds which may be of behavioral significance. Combined with the use of high-resolution columns in gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this approach has implicated several classes of compounds, including volatile fatty acids and phenols, which in certain absolute or relative concentrations may be involved in the formation of signals of territorial importance.     

二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镉的合成及应用研究

合成了润滑油添加剂二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸镉,利用四球试验机研究了其在矿物基础油中的极压、抗磨性能,以及与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(T202)有机硼酸酯和磷酸三苯酯添加剂之间的抗磨协同性能。结果表明,此添加剂体现出了较好的抗磨性能和承载能力,并且与两种硼酸酯都体现出了良好的抗磨协同性能。另外,通过箱热氧化试验简单评价了其抗氧化性能,结果表明,该添加剂具有良好的高温抗氧化性能。     

亚像素级模糊图像配准算法

针对目前的特征点匹配算法不能有效配准边缘模糊的图像,提出一种灰度偏移极值特征。将局部像素灰度偏移均值最明显的点作为特征点,利用最小二乘拟合曲线,通过曲线导函数将偏移极值点精确定位于亚像素级,最后采用分块的NMI为特征点分配32维特征向量,再对比向量间距离以实现配准。该特征易于提取、运算简单,而且能在阶跃边缘不清晰的图像中稳定存在。经实验验证,算法应用于模糊图像配准具有较高的匹配精度。