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C. Fellner F. Fellner R. Schmitt T. Helmberger N. Obletter H. Böhm-jurkovic 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1994,2(1):51-59
Fast SE imaging provides considerable measure time reduction, high signal-to-noise ratios as well as similar contrast behavior compared to conventional SE sequences. Besides TR and TEeff, echo train length (ETL), interecho time , and-space trajectory determine image contrast and image quality in fast SE sequences. True proton density contrast (CSF hypointense) and not too strong T2 contrast are essential requirements in routine brain MRI. A Turbo SE sequence with very short echo train length (ETL=3), short TEeff and short interecho time (17 ms), and TR=2000 ms was selected for proton density contrast; a Turbo SE sequence with ETL=7, TEeff=90 ms, =22 ms, and TR=3250 ms was selected for T2-weighted images. Using both single-echo Turbo SE sequences yielded 50% measure time reduction compared to the conventional SE technique. Conventional SE and optimized Turbo SE sequences were compared in 150 patients resulting in very similar signal and contrast behavior. Furthermore, reduced flow artifacts in proton density—and especially in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—and better contrast of high-intensity lesions in proton density-weighted Turbo SE images were found. Slightly reduced edge sharpness—mainly in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—did not reduce diagnostic reliability. Differences between conventional and Turbo SE images concerning image contrast and quality are explained regarding special features of fast SE technique.Address for correspondence: Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany. Additional reprints of this chapter may be obtained from the Reprints Department, Chapman & Hall, One Venn Plaza, New York, NY 10119. 相似文献
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Electro-hydraulic actuators have been widely used in industrial production, but the unknown variable payload seriously affects its position control accuracy. Therefore, a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance force through strong online learning ability in the absence of force sensor. Besides, a nonlinear cascade controller with double loop structure is proposed in this paper. A global fast terminal sliding mode control method is firstly applied in the outer loop position system, which can eliminate chattering and improve convergence speed comparing to traditional sliding mode control. The inner loop force system adopts a backstepping control method to calculate the actual input of the whole system. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed controller is stable even if existing time-variant disturbance. Moreover, three comparative controllers are designed and tested in both simulations and experiments. Comparative results show that the developed method has absolute average errors of 1.14 and 0.49 mm in different position tracking, which means more satisfactory tracking performance compared to the contrast controllers. 相似文献
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In this paper, an implicit discrete-time fast terminal sliding mode (DFTSM) control with disturbance compensation is designed and analyzed for uncertain high-order systems. First, a recursive discrete sliding surface is constructed based on implicit Euler technique, which can completely eliminate discretization chattering so as to significantly reduce the boundary layer of sliding mode motion. With the help of a high-order disturbance compensator, the accuracy limitation of implicit DFTSM control systems is overcome by increasing the order of sliding mode. Then the finite-time convergence of implicit DFTSM is proved for the first time, and the influence relationship of control parameters on the convergence speed and control accuracy of the algorithm is established. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed design approach. 相似文献
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为了研究不同烤燃条件下复合推进剂(PBT/HMX/Al/AP/BU)的响应特性,采用DSC研究了复合推进剂及单组分的热分解特性。复合推进剂的初始分解温度为187.27℃,单组分中BU初始分解温度最低,为192.95℃,表明复合推进剂的热分解过程是从BU开始;分别测量了在快/慢烤试验中,复合推进剂内部温度的变化。结果表明:1)快烤试验中,样品内部温度分布极不均匀。点火90 s后,样品发生反应,此时样品中心的温度为85℃,钢管端盖破裂,样品发生燃烧反应。2)慢烤试验中,样品内部温度分布均匀,几乎无温度差,样品发生反应时,样品内部温度与环境温度均为133℃,试验后样品钢管完全破碎,样品发生了爆轰。由此可见,慢烤试验中,由于样品内部温度分布均匀,发生反应时,大部分样品都处于临界反应温度,一旦激发,破坏效应比快烤试验更严重。 相似文献
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This paper investigates fast finite‐time control of nonlinear dynamics using terminal sliding‐mode (TSM) scheme. Some new norms of fast TSM strategies are proposed, and a faster convergence rate is established in comparison with the conventional fast TSM. A novel concept of nonsingular fast TSM, which is able to avoid the possible singularity during the control phase, is adopted in the robust high‐precision control of uncertain nonlinear systems. Numerical simulation on a two‐link rigid robot manipulator demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
快速多极算法(FMM)是求解大尺度边界元问题的一种很有效的快速算法.应用快速多极算法求解二维随机多区域声散射问题的边界积分方程.首先给出了求解该问题的边界积分方程,进而给出快速多极算法求解的算法实现过程以及积分算子的相应多极展开、局部展开和相应系数的转化关系式.最后通过对数值例子的计算表明快速多极算法在求解随机多区域声散射问题时的可行性及高效性,其求解存储量和计算量都是O(N). 相似文献