新型阳离子聚合物NCP的合成及应用

介绍了用高分子反应法在固态条件下合成高阳离子度阳离子聚合物NCP的方法,确定了其最佳反应条件,测定了聚合物阳离子度和反应效率.采用L9（34）正交试验法得出合成NCP的最佳反应条件为：聚合物与阳离子化试剂质量比为11：3;催化剂用量为1.072%,反应时间为2.5 h;反应温度为80℃.实验结果表明,在反应体系中加入催化剂和少量有机或无机溶剂可显著提高反应速率和效率;使用少量润湿剂,可最大限度地限制副反应,造成反应部位的局部浓度高,提高反应效率.阳离子聚合物NCP可作为增粘降滤失剂用于配制正电性钻井液,效果优良,且耐温性能良好,同时基于阳离子与阴离子聚合物在溶液中生成凝胶状沉淀物的特性,NCP还可用于解决注聚区块生产井产出水中含高浓度聚合物的问题.     

新型处理药剂（EP-110）处理各种重金属离子的实验研究

各行各业生产过程中会产生大量废水,重金属离子污染物是其中的重要控制指标,传统的处理方法不能完全解 决这类污染。本文通过大量的实验数据,对新型的处理药剂(EP-110)处理各种重金属离子的性能做了全面的测试、分析,并 提出了使用方法。     

In situ13C NMR study of tert-butanol interaction with moderately concentrated sulfuric acid

An in situ NMR study of tert-butanol dehydration in 95 and 85% sulfuric acid did not indicate the formation of tert-butyl cations as active reaction intermediates. Instead, only NMR lines from oxonium ions under the condition of fast exchange with water and the acid were observed. It is most likely that, in the concentrated acid, the active intermediates of this reaction are represented by tert-butyl sulfuric ester which probably is a precursor of invisible tert-butyl carbenium ions representing short-lived excited or transition states.     

Electrodeionisation 3: The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions

The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions using a process that combines an ion-exchange bed with electrodialysis has been studied. The main aspects include: the concentration of nickel ions in the diluate, the voltage over the cell and the current density distribution along the ion-exchange bed. The current density distribution provides insight into the state of the bed as it is simultaneously loaded with Ni²⁺ and regenerated with an electric potential difference applied perpendicular to it. A simple model is used to describe the state of the bed and the quantity of nickel removed from it as a function of time. Under specific conditions the precipitation of metal hydroxides is observed in the compartment containing the ion-exchange bed. The results show that hydroxide precipitation is related to the nickel concentration in solution and the electric potential gradient across the bed.     

济钢第一炼钢厂降低钢铁料消耗实践

济钢第一炼钢厂通过优化入炉原料结构,改进冶炼工艺,实施少渣炼钢,有效减少了转炉吹损,降低了钢铁料消耗成本,2002年增加炼钢综合经济效益3100多万元。     

电解铝侧插自焙槽技术改造与环境保护

电解铝侧插自焙槽属于落后的生产工艺，由于其能耗高、物料消耗大、劳动强度大、环境污染严重，在国内电解铝中已开始进行大规模的淘汰改造。采用先进的预焙电解槽生产技术，降耗节能、改善生产劳动强度，环境污染得到有效治理，各项环境指标达标排放，经济技术指标提高，食业面貌发生了巨大大变化。     

Pitting corrosion of Cr–Mn–N steel in sulphuric acid media

The resistance to pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steel Cr18Mn12N has been studied in model solutions of sulphuric acid (0.5 m) containing chloride ions (0.5 m). The cyclic potentiodynamic method has been employed to investigate the effects of chloride ions and agitation rate on the pitting and repassivation potentials. Electron and optical microscopy, electron diffraction spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry have been used to detect the surface sites for pit formation and the growth of pit nuclei. The results obtained with chromium–manganese–nitrogen steel have been compared with those of austenitic Cr18Ni9 stainless steel. A similarity in pit initiation is established, while steel composition exhibits no significant effect. Cr18Mn12N steel is less prone to repassivation as compared with Cr18Ni9 steel.     

The magnetic applications choice among ferrite ceramics,metallic strips,or metal powder cores

Iron-based metallic strip materials such as iron, silicon-iron, and amorphous metal are used for low frequency (50–60 Hz. line) power applications. Low-loss Nickel-based alloys as high permeability strip or insulated powder cores are the choices for stable, low-level higher frequency applications. Iron-based powder cores offer low cost as power supply filter chokes. Ceramic ferrites combine highest frequency operation with low cost and reduced component size as transformers and chokes in telecommunication and high frequency power supply applications.     

多羟基结构态亚铁处理含重金属废水的应用

结构态亚铁是一种具有高活性结构的亚铁化合物,具有比表面积大、还原性强等优点,被广泛应用于研究处理重金属废水和有机废水。然而,目前结构态亚铁处理含高浓度重金属的实际工业废水的重金属去除效果、作用条件、处理工艺还缺乏深入探究。文中选取3种具有代表性的实际工业废水,探究结构态亚铁对废水中重金属的去除效果,设计能够满足排放要求的处理工艺,并对结构态亚铁材料性能、反应条件进行了优化。结果表明:分步投加1 g/L和0.9 g/L的FHC,能够将金属冶炼废水中Cu、Ni、As等的浓度降至0.5 mg/L以下;对于铜冶炼废水,一步投加1.5 g/L的FHC后,废水中Ni、Cu、Pb的浓度同样能够满足排放标准;对于钢铁冷轧酸洗废水,控制FHC投加量在1.45 g/L、p H值在7.6以上时,预处理后含铬废水中的总铬可以被完全去除。综上,结构态亚铁具有优良的重金属去除能力。设计的处理过程和条件能够实现处理后出水重金属浓度低于相关标准限值的要求,这对结构态亚铁的工程应用和工业废水处理具有重要的参考价值。     

光还原铁离子活化过硫酸盐系统去除水中碘海醇

过渡金属Fe2+是最经济有效且环境友好的PS活化物质,但是Fe2+易于被氧化而失去活化能力导致Fe2+/PS体系持续效果较差。为了提高Fe2+活化PS氧化降解有机污染物的效率,本论文将医学上常用的碘化X射线显影剂（ICM）的典型代表碘海醇（Iohexol）作为目标污染物,研究其在UV/PS、Fe(C2O4)33-/PS、UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS和Fe2+/PS 4种高级氧化体系中的降解,考查Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度、紫外光强和pH对UV/Fe(C2O4)33-/PS体系中碘海醇降解和PS活化分解的影响,并且分析体系中Fe2+浓度变化及其转化率。结果表明：4种高级氧化体系中碘海醇的氧化分解率分别为：83.8%、7.0%、98.8%、69.9%,其中,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系能够通过紫外光促进铁离子还原,溶液中对PS起活化作用的Fe2+逐渐释出,对碘海醇的降解最为高效彻底。随着Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度的增加,UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中PS的分解率不断增加,而碘海醇的降解率却先增加后减少。4种不同初始Fe(C2O4 )33-浓度下（20 μM、50 μM、100 μM、200 μM）,碘海醇降解速率依次为：100 μM ＞ 200 μM ＞ 50 μM ＞ 20 μM。在UV/Fe(C2O4 )33-/PS体系中,Fe2+浓度均是先快速增加后缓慢下降,碘海醇的降解率、PS的分解率以及Fe2+的最高转化率均与光强正相关,与pH负相关。因此,利用紫外光还原铁离子能够极大的提高提高Fe2+活化PS效率,且体系对于光强、pH等影响因素有较强的适应能力,在水处理高级氧化领域的具有较大的应用前景。