Biofiltration of toluene in the absence and the presence of ethyl acetate under continuous and intermittent loading

BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m^?3 h^?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m^?3 h^?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m^?3 h^?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

“Biaxiality Effect” on the Energy Dissipated by Elastoplastic Base-Isolators

A plane elastic-plastic solid body presenting kinematic hardening is used to simulate a pair of dampers at the base of a rigid structure and determine the energy dissipation under conditions of assigned, homogeneous cyclic loading. The well-known von Mises theory of plasticity is applied with the aim of obtaining analytical solutions to the problem. Such solutions are arrived at by first calculating the Odqvist parameter, which yields dimensionless relations that depend on the external loads and mechanical properties of the material. The results, in terms of dissipated energy, are given for the case of a sinusoidal process, represented with the help of dimensionless parameters useful for engineering applications.     

Fire performance of wood (Pinus radiata) treated with fire retardants and a wood preservative

In this work, we co‐formulated an oil‐borne copper naphthenate/permethrin wood preservative system with synthetic polymer‐based fire‐retardant additives prior to the impregnation of Pinus radiata sapwood. We evaluated what effect, if any, the preservative had upon the fire performance properties of the fire retardants and whether the fire retardants impacted on the fungicidal and termiticidal efficacy of the preservative. The fire retardants included halogenated and phosphorus‐based systems. A mass loss calorimeter, in conjunction with a thermopile, was used to measure the time to ignition and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) from which the fire performance index (FPI) was determined. The preservative properties were evaluated using termite and soil‐block decay bioassays. In summary, we found that the rate of fire growth was reduced when the fire retardants were used in combination with the wood preservative. We also found that the PHRR was a better determinant of fire performance than the FPI. The performance of the wood preservative was enhanced against fungal decay and termite attack when used in combination with the fire retardants. The fire retardants also demonstrated some wood preservative properties of their own. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

民间传统御寒器具——火桶设计研究

＂火桶＂是南方传统的御寒器物,它具有造型简单,取材方便,功能实用多样的特点,凝聚了民间朴素造物的思想。同时,火桶所具有着深厚的人文特点和文化内涵。文章以黔东南镇远地区民间火桶为例,分析其形态、结构、功能及人机关系等内容,探究民间造物的设计巧思。     

入侵检测技术在消防信息网安全中的应用

消防信息网作为公安网子网,与互联网物理分隔,网络安全相对薄弱,自身的安全防护能力并不高。非法入侵、病毒破坏屡有发生,给消防信息网带来不可预测的后果。     

螺纹桩在软弱地层中的应用

分析了螺纹桩的受力机理,探讨了螺纹桩单桩承载力的确定方法,指出螺纹桩单桩承载力高、节约材料显著、能充分利用地基土的特性,在软弱地层中的应用优势显著,并通过实际工程实例给予具体说明.     

三轴移动载荷对半刚性路面性能影响分析

为研究多轴车辆移动载荷对半刚性路面性能影响规律,针对半刚性路面的特点,依据弹性层状体系理论,将半刚性路面的沥青层、半刚性基层、半刚性底基层及土基层按线弹性考虑,建立了半刚性路面的三维有限元分析模型,分析了车辆三轴移动载荷对半刚性路面性能影响。结果表明,3轴载荷作用下路面应力变化与车辆轴数有关,当车桥依次驶过路面时,路面应力出现3次突变,沥青层三向压应力、半刚性基层和底基层的垂直压应力、横向拉应力和水平拉应力均增大,最大拉应力出现在半刚性基层和底基层结合处;前轴驶过时轮迹带中心区域各层的横向剪应力最大,后轴驶过时轮迹带边缘区域各层的横向剪应力最大,最大值出现在沥青层底部;中轴驶过时路面各层的水平剪应力最大,最大值也出现在沥青层底部。因此,设计路面结构时,半刚性基层和半刚性底基层应选取抗弯和抗拉强度较高的材料,并应加强沥青面层的抗剪强度。     

某建筑物火灾后主体结构检测鉴定与处理

通过对某二层住宅楼火灾后主体结构的检测鉴定与处理,分析火灾对建筑物的影响,探讨火灾后建筑结构的检测鉴定方法,提出火灾后建筑结构的处理方法,为同类建筑结构的火灾后检测鉴定及处理提供参考.     

基于无线网络的森林防火系统的研究与改进

论文针对现行的无线传感器技术方式的森林防火系统中的弊端,提出了一种改进的系统设计方案.改进后的方案主要采用二级Ad-Hoc模式的网络,对传统的无线传感器进行有效的改造的同时,也增加了稳定可靠的中心网络节点,无线通信网络采用改进后的AODV作为多跳路由协议,中心节点的数据处理采用卡尔曼滤波预处理,数据发送采用ALOHA机制进行随机延迟发送.系统经过反复实验,最终验证并总结出一套可以有效应用于实际工程中的系统部署方案.     

冲击载荷下磁流变阻尼器结构优化设计

应用于火炮反后坐装置中的磁流变阻尼器工作在高冲击、高速环境下,对磁流变阻尼器的设计指标和性能提出了更高的要求.针对冲击试验中,磁流变阻尼器表现出的阻尼力可调动态范闱的不足,利用Herschel-Bulkley的磁流变液非线性结构特性的平行平板恒流模型,采用多目标规划方法,提出了火炮反后坐装置应用中的磁流变阻尼器优化设计方法.最后分析了磁流变阻尼器磁路设计准则,结合优化设计尺寸,对阻尼器活塞磁场进行了有限元分析.结果表明,磁流变阻尼器阻尼通道处能产生足够大的磁场强度且分布均匀.