聚酰亚胺用于耐高温环氧胶粘剂体系研究进展

介绍了耐高温环氧树脂胶粘剂和聚酰亚胺胶粘剂的概况 ,以及把二者结合起来的研究进展     

Autogenous deformation and RH-change in perspective

Autogenous deformation and change of the relative humidity (RH-change) have been described and registered for a century. However, it is only within the last decade that these phenomena have received appreciable attention. The reason for this is that autogenous deformation and autogenous RH-change are phenomena of special importance within high-strength (high-performance) concrete technology, and a significant utilisation of these concretes did not take place until the early 1980s. In the present paper an historical overview of autogenous deformation and RH-change is given. In addition, due to the present status of this research field both terminology and measuring techniques are described in detail. Finally, some expectations for future research in this field are given.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of high- and ultrahigh-performance concrete: Application to the study of water leaching

In the present study, we show that high-resolution ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be a powerful tool for analyzing actual concrete mixes. The influence of the amount of silica fume and of the type of cement in high-performance concrete (HPC), as well as the influence of the type of silica fume and of the granular packing in ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) were investigated. Significant effects on the amount and shape of C-S-H, on the incorporation of aluminum in the C-S-H structure, and on the distribution of aluminum-containing hydrates were observed. Nuclear magnetic relaxation of protons was also performed and it showed the fractal feature of the pore size distribution in UHPC and the higher amount of larger pores in HPC. The microstructure of the surface of these same formulations leached by mineral water for up to 1 year exhibits slight modifications.     

煤矸石山自燃机理及灭火技术研究

日益增加的煤矸石在堆置过程中极易发生自燃,对周围环境和居民造成危害。为了预防和控制煤矸石山的自燃,对煤矸石山的自燃机理、自燃因子进行了分析论述,并对几种常用的灭火技术进行比较,同时对今后预防和控制煤矸石山自燃的研究和应用工作重点提出了见解。认为在今后的工作中,除应继续对煤矸石山的自燃机理和自燃因子展开深入研究外,还应开发在技术、经济、可行性方面更为实用的新技术,尝试通过植被混合种植以改变煤矸石山表面的小气候,防止煤矸石山复燃,进而达到煤矸石山治理的目的。     

基于GPS和GIS技术的消防车辆实时监控系统的设计与实现

石油化工行业是一个高危行业,具有高温高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害、连续作业等特点,一旦发生重大火灾爆炸事故,将会严重偏离安全、环保和健康的宗旨。面对日趋繁重的灭火救援任务,如何进一步提高消防队伍的快速反应能力,加强消防车辆的日常训练管理、应急调度指挥成为119指挥系统的首要任务。本文在119指挥系统中引入基于全球定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的消防车辆实时监控系统恰恰解决了这些问题。     

石灰石粉复合粉煤灰水泥的制备及对混凝土性能影响

采用石灰石粉和Ⅲ级粉煤灰作为混合材制备复合水泥,通过粉煤灰和石灰石粉的复合比例和掺量来优化水泥性能,并用所制备的水泥配制混凝土,研究其对混凝土强度和抗裂性能的影响。结果表明:随着石灰石粉掺量的增加,复合水泥的标准稠度用水量明显下降,饱和掺量点提前,对外加剂的适应性表现良好;粉煤灰和石灰石粉的复合比例在7:3～6:4,混合材掺量为20%～40%时,可以配制出42.5和32.5的复合硅酸盐水泥;自制复合水泥所配制混凝土的工作性和强度与重庆涪陵腾辉生产的水泥差别不大,裂缝数目和面积减少,抗裂性明显改善。     

Tribological properties of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber + polypropylene + thermal‐shock‐resistant ceramic composites

This work is part of a program on composites used in thermoelectric devices. Tribological properties of dynamic vulcanizate blends of polypropylene and ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber filled with 5 wt% of microscale powder have been studied. The microscale thermal‐shock‐resistant ceramic filler contains α‐Al₂O₃, mullite (3Al₂O₃ · 2SiO₂ or 2Al₂O₃SiO₂), β‐spodumene glass‐ceramic and aluminium titanate. We found that our ceramic particles are abrasive; they cause strong abrasion of softer steel ball surfaces during dry sliding friction. To overcome the difficulty of particle dispersion and adhesion, the filler was modified through grafting using three types of organic molecules. Dry sliding friction was measured using four types of counter‐surfaces: tungsten carbide, Si₃N₂, 302 steel and 440 steel. Thermoplastic vulcanizate filled with neat ceramic powder shows the lowest friction compared to composites containing the same but surface‐treated powder. We introduce a ‘bump’ model to explain the tribological responses of our composites. ‘Naked’ or untreated ceramic particles protrude from the polymer surface and cause a decrease of the contact area compared to neat polymer. The ball partner surface has only a small contact area with the bumps. As contact surface area decreases, so does friction and the amount of heat generated during sliding friction testing. Chemical coupling of the ceramic to the matrix smoothens the bumps and increases the contact surface, giving a parallel increase in friction. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于优化神经网络的高拱坝力学参数反演

高拱坝力学性能参数变化规律复杂,使用人工智能算法进行预测已经成为反演参数的重要手段。使用遗传算法对神经网络进行优化来检验优化后算法的性能,并比较不同算法应用于参数反演中预测结果的精度。根据某高拱坝运行期变形监测数据,分别使用RBF神经网络和遗传算法优化的BP(GA-BP)神经网络对不同水位工况下的坝段分区混凝土弹性模量进行反演。基于反演结果进行有限元正分析计算,将所得结果与实测数据进行对比,检验反演精度和效率。结果表明:GA-BP网络的最大预测误差为1.8%,相比于RBF网络预测精度提高了约50%。使用神经网络进行拱坝力学参数反演实用性好,优化后的神经网络比传统BP神经网络在计算精度和效率两方面均有明显改进,且GA-BP神经网络反演比RBF神经网络反演精度更高。     

Flame extension and the near field under the ceiling for travelling fires inside large compartments

Structures need to be designed to maintain their stability in the event of a fire. The travelling fire methodology (TFM) defines the thermal boundary condition for structural design of large compartments of fires that do not flashover, considering near field and far field regions. TFM assumes a near field temperature of 1200°C, where the flame is impinging on the ceiling without any extension and gives the temperature of the hot gases in the far field from Alpert correlations. This paper revisits the near field assumptions of the TFM and, for the first time, includes horizontal flame extension under the ceiling, which affects the heating exposure of the structural members thus their load-bearing capacity. It also formulates the thermal boundary condition in terms of heat flux rather than in terms of temperature as it is used in TFM, which allows for a more formal treatment of heat transfer. The Hasemi, Wakamatsu, and Lattimer models of heat flux from flame are investigated for the near field. The methodology is applied to an open-plan generic office compartment with a floor area of 960 m² and 3.60 m high with concrete and with protected and unprotected steel structural members. The near field length with flame extension (fTFM) is found to be between 1.5 and 6.5 times longer than without flame extension. The duration of the exposure to peak heat flux depends on the flame length, which is 53 min for fTFM compared with 17 min for TFM, in the case of a slow 5% floor area fire. The peak heat flux is from 112 to 236 kW/m² for the majority of fire sizes using the Wakamatsu model and from 80 to 120 kW/m² for the Hasemi and Lattimer models, compared with 215 to 228 kW/m² for TFM. The results show that for all cases, TFM results in higher structural temperatures compared with different fTFM models (600°C for concrete rebar and 800°C for protected steel beam), except for the Wakamatsu model that for small fires, leads to approximately 20% higher temperatures than TFM. These findings mitigate the uncertainty around the TFM near field model and confirm that it is conservative for calculation of the thermal load on structures. This study contributes to the creation of design tools for better structural fire engineering.     

Test methods for characterizing concrete properties at elevated temperature

Fire resistance of structural members is dependent on the thermal and mechanical properties of constituent materials and these properties vary as a function of temperature. Currently, there are limited standardized test procedures for evaluating thermal and mechanical properties of construction materials at elevated temperatures. This paper provides a review and assessment of test methods and procedures for evaluating high temperature thermal and mechanical properties of concrete. The drawbacks and variations in currently available test procedures and methods in standards are discussed. Recommendations on the most suitable methods and procedures for measuring thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperature is presented. In addition, applicability of the proposed high temperature test methods and procedures is illustrated through a case study on conventional concrete specimens. Further, the need for developing standards by organizations such as American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), with standardized specifications and test procedures for measuring high temperature properties of construction materials, is laid out.