熔体流动时间法测定PBT树脂特性粘数的研究

开发了一种新的特性粘数分析方法 ,该方法采用熔体流动时间计算特性粘数 ,与经典特性粘数分析方法有很好的相关性且具有分析时间短、费用低、无污染等优点。     

膨润土负载纳米零价铁去除水中铅的研究

将纳米零价铁通过液态还原法负载于膨润土上,目的是为了比较负载对提高纳米零价铁去除重金属铅的能力的影响。从负载后扫描电镜图像中可以看出,负载后的纳米零价铁分散度更好。在相同投加量下,负载了纳米零价铁的膨润土对重金属铅的去除能力要远高于膨润土和纳米零价铁。铅的起始浓度为200mg／L,膨润土＋纳米零价铁的复合材料在0．4g／L的投加量下,去除率就达到90％以上。对材料的动力学研究结果则表明：纳米零价铁的反应速度较快,大部分的铅的去除都在1h以内完成。将吸附动力学实验结果进行一级和二级动力学反应拟合。二级拟和的线性相关系数明显高于一级。说明纳米零价铁和膨润土＋纳米零价铁复合材料与铅的反应更符合二级动力学反应假设。另外,纳米零价铁对铅的去除受到起始浓度的影响较大,而膨润土＋纳米零价铁则基本不受起始浓度的影响。     

无人车运动稳定性的模糊神经网络PID控制

受转向或侧向风影响,无人驾驶车在运行的过程中易产生失稳.采用了模糊神经网络PID算法,将系统输出偏差的变化量,经模糊化后输入到神经网络PID控制器中,对车辆的质心侧偏角、横摆角速度进行调整,达到控制车辆平稳运行的目的.在不同的工况下对算法的有效性进行了试验分析.结果表明,该算法使系统响应超调减少,反应时间加快,具有较强的抗干扰性.     

桥梁施工安全事故流变-突变规律

结合桥梁施工事故的特点,通过对流变-突变理论的桥梁施工安全事故规律研究,绘制出桥梁施工安全事故流变规律曲线。建立了桥梁施工安全事故流变-突变数学模型,基于该数学模型采用数学软件MATLAB分析了事故致因与流变突变曲线的关系。对该数学模型进行假设性验证分析,得到起始安全度和衰减系数对事故时间的影响。通过支架结构的施工期变形的监测数据和某次支架坍塌事故实例验证流变-突变数学模型是合理的。     

Foraging mechanisms of age-0 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

Reaction distances under various light intensities (0-19 uE/m2/s), angles of attack, swimming speeds, and percentage of overall foraging success were measured. Extensive efforts have been invested in restoring lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but successful natural recruitment of lake trout continues to be rare outside of Lake Superior and parts of Lake Huron. There is evidence of high mortality during the first several months after eggs hatch in the spring, but little is known about the foraging mechanisms of this age-0 life stage. We developed a foraging model for age-0 lake trout (S. namaycush) in response to amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and mysids (Mysis diluviana) by simulating underwater environmental conditions in the Great Lakes using a temperature-controlled chamber and spectrally matched lighting. Reaction distances under various light intensities (0–19 uE/m²/s), angles of attack, swimming speeds, and percentage of overall foraging success were measured. Intake rates under different light intensities and prey densities were also measured. Age-0 lake trout were non-responsive in the dark, but were equally responsive under all light levels tested. Age-0 lake trout also demonstrated a longer reaction distance in response to moving prey, particularly mysids, which had an escape response that reduced overall foraging success. We determined that prey intake rate (numeric or biomass) could be modeled most accurately as a function of prey density using a Michaelis–Menton equation and that even under low mysid densities (3 individuals/m²), age-0 lake trout could quickly satisfy their energetic demands in a benthic setting.     

河道中在建工程抗洪抢险的关键技术措施

2012年3月上旬,峡江水利枢纽工程遭遇历史罕见早汛,超过了其二期枯水围堰设计导流8 620 m3/s的流量标准。 为此,上级要求必须确保该围堰在11 000 m3/s流量范围内安全过洪。武警水电部队在该围堰抢险过程中科学运用“洪水管理削控洪峰流量、工程措施提高抗洪能力”的抗洪抢险策略,采用了拓展河床过流断面、削减控制洪峰流量、围堰加高加固三项关键技术措施,使该围堰成功抵御了10 600 m3/s洪峰和持续50 h大于8 620 m3/s的超标流量,为河道中在建的类似工程的抗洪抢险提供了宝贵经验。     

水利对粮食生产贡献率的认识与思考

针对目前很多人对农业科技进步贡献率和水利对粮食生产贡献率的不同认识,从发展历程、概念内涵、测算思路方法等方面,剖析了二者差异,认为二者在测算范围上存在大口径与小口径的差异,在测算对象上存在增量与总量的差异,在测算指标上存在产值与产量的差异,在测算方法上存在余值法与有无对比法的差异,为正确认识这两个指标提供了参考。     

低铬X70管线钢组织及其抗CO2

为了明确Cr的质量分数高低对埋地用输油输气管线钢性能的影响,设计了4种Cr的质量分数的X70管线钢,研究了不同Cr的质量分数下管线钢组织及其力学性能,并采用高温高压反应釜进行了实验钢的CO₂腐蚀试验.结果表明：钢中加入0.1%~0.8%的Cr后,其组织均由针状铁素体和准多边形铁素体构成,Cr元素均呈现明显的沿晶界分布状态;随着Cr的质量分数的增加,钢板强度随之升高,晶界中Cr分布密度随之增大,Cr（OH）₃在腐蚀产物膜中的富集量增加,促使钢板的平均腐蚀速率降低;同时由于Cr（OH）₃可以有效阻碍阴离子穿透腐蚀产物膜,因而大大减少了Cl-的催化作用导致的点蚀,使得钢板点蚀速率明显降低.     

典型分解炉中硅烷分解沉积速率的研究

研究在典型硅烷分解炉中硅烷分解沉积多晶硅的沉积速率。硅烷分解沉积多晶硅实验在硅棒表面温度790～900℃、炉内气压5×10^4Pa条件下,探讨硅棒温度、硅烷流速与沉积速率的关系。结果显示：沉积反应活化能53．4kJ／mol。并与真空条件下沉积硅的过程进行对比,提出在典型硅烷分解炉中提高多晶硅沉积速率的可能途径。     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.