New Insight into Procedure of Interface Electron Transfer through Cascade System with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is extremely limited in the practical application of photocatalysis toward solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution. A rational design of the cascade system (i.e., rGO/Bi₂WO₆/Au, and ternary composites) with highly efficient charge carrier separation is successfully constructed. As expected, the integrated system (rGO/Bi₂WO₆/Au) shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to bare Bi₂WO₆ and other binary composites, and it is proved in multiple electron transfer (MET) behavior, namely a cooperative electron transfer (ET) cascade effect. Simultaneously, UV–vis/scanning electrochemical microscopy is used to directly identify MET kinetic information through an in situ probe scanning technique, where the “fast” and “slow” heterogeneous ET rate constants (K_eff) of corresponding photocatalysts on the different interfaces are found, which further reveals that the MET behavior is the prime source for enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work not only offers a new insight to study catalytic performance during photocatalysis and electrocatalysis systems, but also opens up a new avenue to design highly efficient catalysts in photocatalytic CO₂ conversion to useful chemicals and photovoltaic devices.     

Effects of microstructure on fatigue crack propagation behavior in a bi-modal TC11 titanium alloy fabricated via laser additive manufacturing

In this study, the crack propagation behaviors in the equiaxed and equiaxed-columnar grain regions of a heat-treated laser additive manufacturing (LAM) TC11 alloy with a special bi-modal microstructure are investigated. The results indicate that the alloy presents a special bi-modal microstructure that comprises a fork-like primary α (α_p) phase surrounded by a secondary α colony (α_s) in the β phase matrix after the heat treatment is completed. The samples demonstrate a fast crack growth rate with larger da/dN values through the equiaxed grain sample versus across the equiaxed-columnar grain sample at low ΔK values (<13.8). The differences that are observed between the crack propagation behaviors (in the crack initiation stage) of the samples can be mostly attributed to the different size and morphology of the α_p lamellae and α_s colony within the grains in the equiaxed and columnar grain regions rather than the grain boundaries. The cracks prefer to grow along the α/β boundary with a smooth propagation route and a fast propagation rate in the equiaxed grain region, where the α_p and α clusters have a large size. However, in the columnar grain region, small and randomly distributed α_p lamellae generate a zigzag-shaped propagation path with a reduction in the da/dN value. Additionally, the change in the size of the α_p lamellae in the equiaxed grains (heat affected bands, HAB) is also observed to influence the propagation behavior of the crack during the crack initiation stage.     

淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、电导率测试和透射电子显微镜研究了淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响。结果表明：淬火速率从960℃/s降低到1.8℃/s,电导率提高了5.7% IACS,硬度的下降率为40%,抗拉强度和屈服强度的下降率分别为24.2%和56.9%,硬度和强度与淬火速率的对数呈线性关系。随着淬火速率的降低,淬火析出相的尺寸和面积分数显著增大,导致性能下降。淬火速率为1.8℃/s时,淬火析出相的平均尺寸为465.6 nm×158.2 nm,析出相的面积分数为42.1%。     

TB6钛合金β区变形的动态再结晶动力学

使用圆柱形TB6钛合金试样在Thermecmaster-Z型热模拟试验机上进行热模拟压缩实验(变形温度为825~1100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s^-1)。对采集的流变数据进行加工硬化率处理,确定动态再结晶体积分数,研究了TB6钛合金β区变形的动态再结晶动力学。结果表明,流变应力随着变形温度的降低或应变速率的提高而增大,流变曲线呈现出动态再结晶类型的特征。随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的提高,动态再结晶的体积分数和晶粒尺寸增大。在变形温度高于950℃、应变速率低于0.001 s^-1条件下,动态再结晶的晶粒严重粗化。动态再结晶动力学曲线经历缓慢增加—快速增加—缓慢增加三个阶段,呈现出典型的“S”型特征。确定了动态再结晶的体积分数达到50%时的应变,建立了TB6钛合金的动态再结晶动力学模型。     

一类具有时滞和非线性发生率的SIRS传染病模型稳定性与Hopf分岔分析

研究了一类具有时滞及非线性特性发生率的SIRS传染病模型,首先利用特征值理论分析了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的局部稳定性;并以时滞τ作为分岔参数,分析了模型的Hopf分岔行为,运用中心流形定理和规范型理论给出了分岔方向及分岔周期解稳定性的计算公式;最后,数值模拟验证了理论分析结果.     

基于改进灰狼算法的啤酒灌装PID液位控制

目的 针对啤酒罐装液位控制存在的变负荷、多模态、PID参数整定难的问题,提出一种基于改进灰狼算法的PID参数整定方法,以提高啤酒生产的工作效率。方法 对灰狼算法进行改进,使用欧式距离变化率动态调整收敛因子,平衡算法的全局搜索能力;引入动态自适应权重因子,提高算法的优化速度和精度;与基本灰狼算法比较并用测试函数验证改进算法的性能。结果 仿真结果表明,改进后的灰狼算法在收敛速度和精度上提升效果显著;改进灰狼算法整定的PID参数的上升时间为1.9s,调节时间为5.12 s,超调量为3.78%。结论 与基本灰狼算法对比,改进灰狼算法对啤酒灌装液位PID参数进行整定,调节时间快,超调较小,可以更好地满足啤酒生产的控制要求。     

变阻障碍物对管道内瓦斯爆炸的影响

为探究障碍物阻塞比变化率对瓦斯爆炸的影响,分别建立平均阻塞比为0.6、 0.3的受限空间物理模型,基于Charlette湍流燃烧模型,利用Fluent软件对阻塞比变化率依次为0、 0.05、 0.10、 0.15的障碍物条件下的爆炸火焰、湍流转捩、压力波耦合过程进行大涡模拟(LES)。研究结果表明：火焰经过障碍物会产生回流卷吸效应。在平均阻塞比为0.6的工况组A中,当阻塞比变化率为0.10、 0.15时,火焰锋面更加尖锐,火焰传播速度峰值更高,平均传播速度更高,到达超压所需时间更短,超压峰值更大。在平均阻塞比为0.3的工况组B中,各工况平均传播速度相同,随着阻塞比变化率的增大,到达超压所需时间更长,超压峰值更大。     

Non-Contact Physiological Measurement System for Wearing Masks During the Epidemic

Physiological signals indicate a person’s physical and mental state at any given time. Accordingly, many studies extract physiological signals from the human body with non-contact methods, and most of them require facial feature points. However, under COVID-19, wearing a mask has become a must in many places, so how non-contact physiological information measurements can still be performed correctly even when a mask covers the facial information has become a focus of research. In this study, RGB and thermal infrared cameras were used to execute non-contact physiological information measurement systems for heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and forehead temperature for people wearing masks due to the pandemic. Using the green (G) minus red (R) signal in the RGB image, the region of interest (ROI) is established in the forehead and nose bridge regions. The photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms of the two regions are obtained after the acquired PPG signal is subjected to the optical flow method, baseline drift calibration, normalization, and bandpass filtering. The relevant parameters in Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for the regression model can correctly predict the heartbeat and blood pressure. In addition, the temperature change in the ROI of the mask after thermal image processing and filtering can be used to correctly determine the number of breaths. Meanwhile, the thermal image can be used to read the temperature average of the ROI of the forehead, and the forehead temperature can be obtained smoothly. The experimental results show that the above-mentioned physiological signals of a subject can be obtained in 6-s images with the error for both heart rate and blood pressure within 2%~3% and the error of forehead temperature within ±0.5°C.