等效梁法及其在柔性铰链机构中的应用

文章讨论了等效梁法的基本原理，然后以双平行四杆柔性铰链机构为例分析其位移性能；采用该方法进行有限元建模，一个柔性铰链由4个梁单元组成，因而，整个柔性铰链机构的单元数很少。分析结果表明：等效梁法仿真效率高，且有很高的精度。这一点对于仿真分析复杂的柔性铰链机构非常重要。     

Nanostructured component fabrication by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

Fabrication of cost-effective, nano-grained net-shaped components has brought considerable interest to Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the versatility of electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology in engineering new nanostructured materials with controlled microstructure and microchemistry in the form of coatings and net-shaped components for many applications including the space, turbine, optical, biomedical, and auto industries. Coatings are often applied on components to extent their performance and life under severe environmental conditions including thermal, corrosion, wear, and oxidation. Performance and properties of the coatings depend upon their composition, microstructure, and deposition condition. Simultaneous co-evaporation of multiple ingots of different compositions in the high energy EB-PVD chamber has brought considerable interest in the architecture of functional graded coatings, nano-laminated coatings, and design of new structural materials that could not be produced economically by conventional methods. In addition, high evaporation and condensate rates allowed fabricating precision net-shaped components with nanograined microstructure for various applications. Using EB-PVD, nano-grained rhenium (Re) coatings and net-shaped components with tailored microstructure and properties were fabricated in the form of tubes, plates, and Re-coated spherical graphite cores. This paper will also present the results of various metallic and ceramic coatings including chromium, titanium carbide (TiC), titanium diboride (TiB₂), hafnium nitride (HfN), titanium-boron-carbonitride (TiBCN), and partially yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBC coatings deposited by EB-PVD for various applications. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications of Nanocrystalline Materials sponsored by the ASM International Nanotechnology Task Force and TMS Powder Materials Committee, October 18–20, 2004, Columbus, OH.     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢焊接接头热处理后的组织与性能

研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接接头热处理后的组织和性能。试验结果表明，该钢电子束焊接接头焊缝为典型的粗大针状马氏体加残余奥氏体组织，HAZ（热影响区）为中温组织，经过900℃油淬加低温回火处理后，焊缝和热影响区组织转变为回火马氏体和残余奥氏体。焊态下，由于母材的强度较低，此种电子束焊接接头的拉伸试验断裂部位均在母材；经过上述热处理，母材的强度有了大幅度的提高，焊缝的强度虽然稍有降低，但伸长率提高了将近1倍，获得了良好的综合力学性能。但上述热处理后，焊缝和热影响区的冲击韧度和断裂韧度值较低，这主要是因为中碳马氏体中含碳量略高造成的。焊缝由于组织细小且均匀，与热影响区相比，具有相对较高的断裂韧度。     

Fe/Al金属间化合物光束合金化涂层的组织分层现象

在45钢表面预涂纯Al粉，用光束合金化的方法合成了Fe／Al化合物涂层。使用SEM、EDS、X-ray衍射研究了涂层的组织特点及物相组成。研究结果表明，Fe／Al化合物涂层发生了组织分层现象，表层为FeAl Fe3AlC0.5层，第二层为Fe3Al Fe3AlC0.5层。发生组织分层现象是由合金化过程熔池中Al的含量由表层到底部逐渐减小所引起的。其原因可能与Al的密度较低和熔池搅拌不充分有关。     

高能束合金化技术的研究现状和发展趋势

综述了国内外以激光为代表的高能束表面合金化技术的研究现状，报道了当前表面合金化技术的研究问题，对高能束表面合金化技术的趋势进行了分析。指出激光合金化改性层的质量控制、合金化过程的自动化、合金化技术在工业生产中的推广应用是该技术的重要攻关方向。     

Investigation on gradient material fabrication with electron beam melting based on scanning track control

A new electron beam control system was developed in a general vacuum electron beam machine by assembling with industrial control computer, programmable logic control （PLC）, deflection coil, data acquisition card, power amplifier, etc. In this control system, scanning track and energy distribution of electron beam could be edited off-line, real-time adjusted and controlled on-line. Ti-Mo gradient material （GM） with high temperature resistant was fabricated using the technology of electron beam melting. The melting processes include three steps, such as preheating, melting, and homogenizing. The results show that the GM prepared by melting technology has fine appearance, and it has good integrated interface with the Ti alloy. Mo and Ti elements are gradually distributed in the inter.face of the gradient material. The microstructure close to the Ti alloy base metal is α ＋ β basket-waver grain, and the microstructure close to the GM is a single phase of β solid solution.     

Magneto-sensitive nickel nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition into multi- and single-ion track templates

Polycarbonate templates of (30±1) μm thickness containing cylindrical etched-track nanochannels of (500±50) nm diameter were used for electrodeposition of Ni nanowires. Using 10⁴ channels per cm², the most favourable deposition potential of  − 1.0 V was determined in a potentiostatic mode by varying the deposition potential with respect to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode over a range between  − 0.1 V and  − 1.5 V. The deposition efficiency at  − 1.0 V was estimated around 10%. The resulting single wires had a resistance around 200 Ω and showed an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect of 1%, applicable to directionally sensitive magnetic field sensors.     

电子束辐照和氢氧化铝对LLDPE/EVA共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响

研究了电子束辐照剂量和氢氧化铝(ATH)的含量对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响。辐照剂量是影响LLDPE/EVA/ATH阻燃体系凝胶含量的主要因素,而ATH对其凝胶含量的影响较小。随着ATH含量的增加,LLDPE/EVA共混物的拉伸强度逐步增加,断裂伸长率迅速下降。所有阻燃体系的拉伸强度均是随着辐照剂量的增加而逐步增大,但辐照剂量对这些阻燃体系的断裂伸长率的影响却比较复杂。     

Sintering of Confined Silica in Oxidized Silicon Particles

We observed electron-beam-induced sintering of amorphous silica in oxidized submicrometer silicon particles and analyzed the nature of mass transport in linear and triangular particle assemblies. The movement of silica around the rigid crystalline cores occurs rapidly and fills the necks, but the relative core positions in the sintered product depends on the initial geometry of the confined oxide. However, a thin layer of silica remains stable against the flow.