Heat-release mechanism in ammonium dinitramide flame

To verify the adequacy of various models of heat release in ammonium dinitramide flame to real processes, chemical processes in products of thermal decomposition at a pressure of 10 torr and in ammonium dinitramide [ADN; NH₄N(NO₂)₂] flame at a pressure of 0.4 to 60 atm are numerically simulated. The calculations are performed on the basis of a detailed kinetic mechanism and boundary conditions correlated with experimental data, thermodynamic properties, and chemical composition of ADN. The kinetic mechanism includes submechanisms that describe high-temperature chemical processes in NH₃/N₂O/NO/NO₂/HNO₂/HNO₃ and NH₃/HN(NO₂)₂ mixtures, and the global stages of aerosol decomposition. Based on calculated and experimental data, the role of dinitraminic acid HN(NO₂)₂, aerosols, and ADN vapor in heat release in the ADN flame zone adjacent to the burning surface is estimated. The calculations predict that the main source of heat release in the cold flame zone at p ≥ 3 atm is dinitraminic acid incoming through the channel of dissociative evaporation ADN_liq → NH₃ + HN(NO₂)₂ from the burning surface. In the high-temperature flame zone, heat release is caused by the reaction that occurs in the NH₃/N₂O/NO/NO₂/HNO₂/HNO₃ mixture. At moderate pressures, the high-temperature and low-temperature zones are separated by an induction zone. The stage governing production of the OH radical, which plays an important role in combustion, in the induction zone is the reaction HNO₃ + M → OH + NO₂ + M. Because of a high activation energy of the stage, small temperature perturbations in the induction zone at low pressures lead to a finite change in the stand-off distance between the high-temperature flame zone and the burning surface. Therefore, small temperature perturbations in the induction zone, which are caused by admixtures in the sample or by heat transfer between the reacting gas and the ambient medium, may be responsible for disagreement between various experimental data and between experimental and calculated data on the stand-off distance between the high-temperature flame zone and the burning surface. In numerical calculations, the position of the high-temperature zone is effectively controlled by varying rate constants of elementary stages within admissible limits. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 64–76, September–October, 2007.     

阻燃性软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制

以自制的聚醚多元醇为原料，加入经粉碎并表面处理的三聚氰胺和阻燃剂Ｔ２０１制得阻燃性软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。系统地考察了配方中的两种阻燃剂用量，特种聚醚多元醇和泡沫密度对泡沫塑料阻燃性和物理性能的影响。     

ABS阻燃与抑烟性的研究

对ABS树脂的阻燃、抑烟性等性能进行了研究和探讨。实验结果表明,采用共混、添加复合阻燃剂、抑烟剂的方法可以有效地获得阻燃、抑烟性及其他性能皆优的ABS树脂体系。     

热固性树脂基防火涂料的研究

讨论了不同单组分树脂基体和树脂复配体系以及树脂用量对防火涂料性能的影响。确定以不饱和聚酯树脂和环氧树脂为树脂基体,以聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺和季戊四醇为防火助剂,辅以填料和其他助剂,配制膨胀型防火涂料。实验结果表明,当树脂基体的质量分数为28%,涂层厚度为1.90 mm的条件下,涂料的防火性能最好,耐燃时间超过210 min。     

梭式窑火焰数字图像的边缘检测初探

本文介绍了几种典型的边缘检测算法,对它们各自的特点进行了比较。对梭式窑内的一幅原始图像,可用边缘检测算法提取火焰图像的边缘。     

石油化工管道阻燃保温材料的研制

介绍酚醛泡沫塑料的生产工艺和性能，讨论酚／醛比、催化剂对树脂性能的影响以及树脂固含量、固化剂、密度对泡沫塑料性能的影响。结果表明，酚／醛摩尔比为1：1．5－2．0、采用复合催化剂时，树脂性能较好；固含量较高时，泡沫塑料性能好；泡沫塑料密度增大，强度提高，但保温性能变差。所研制的酚醛泡沫塑料耐燃、少烟、无毒，可用作石油化工管道保温材料。     

MZY固体阻燃剂的合成及应用研究

MZY固体阻燃剂是一种以磷氮化合物为主要组分，通过交联固化合成的添加型粉状产品，它适用于纤维素类材料的阻燃处理，具有优良的阻燃性能，作者详细论述了该阻燃剂的合成及应用方法。     

PFF与PUF热稳定性及燃烧性能研究

制备了酚醛泡沫和聚氨酯泡沫，并研究了酚醛硬泡与聚氨酯硬泡的热稳定性及燃烧性能。结果表明：和聚氨酯泡沫比较，酚醛泡沫的热失重小，热释放速率和热释放总量低。因此酚醛泡沫的热稳定性和阻燃性能明显优于聚氨酯泡沫。     

阻燃聚酯纤维生产技术

主要介绍了聚酯用阻燃剂的种类、特点 ,阻燃聚酯纤维的生产方法 ,并归纳了国内外主要生产厂家 (公司 )的阻燃聚酯纤维生产工艺特点。概述了目前我国及西欧地区的阻燃法规和标准 ,并对我国阻燃聚酯纤维的发展提出了建议。     

钢筋阻锈剂在工业厂房中的应用

介绍了钢筋阻锈剂的基本性能、使用范围和方法。