Panchromatic Chromophore Mixtures in an AlPO4‐5 Molecular Sieve: Spatial Separation Effects and Energy Transfer Cascades

Dye‐loaded AlPO₄‐5 single crystals were prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis from a batch, containing a mixture of three chromophores (Coumarin 40, Rhodamine BE50, and Oxazine 1) differing in their absorption range, molecular dimensions, and solubilities. Confocal fluorescence images reveal a spatial separation effect of the dye molecules, where the slimmer, more‐soluble dye molecule (Coumarin 40) is uniformly distributed in the body of the single crystal, and the bulky and/or less‐soluble ones (Rhodamine BE50, Oxazine 1) are situated in distinct domains. Visible spectra show good panchromatic absorption of visible light. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the presence of an energy transfer cascade of the entirely fixed dye molecules from Coumarin 40 to Oxazine 1. The transfer mechanism is predominantly radiative.     

低温低渗透砂岩油藏窜流大孔道深部封堵技术研究

所用堵剂为高强度的淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺交联凝胶SAMG-1,由<6%淀粉、4.5%-5.5%丙烯酰胺、0.003%-0.006%交联剂组成,35℃成胶时间受淀粉和交联剂用量控制,为18-20小时以上,成胶前黏度-100 mPa.s。该堵剂具有长期稳定性,在储层岩心中注入深度15 cm的堵剂,在35℃候凝48小时后及老化90天后,封堵强度分别为0.61和0.59 MPa/cm,封堵率分别为98.6%和98.1%。该堵剂优先进入高渗层,注入0.5 PV并成胶后,2组双填砂管组成的模型低、高渗管渗透率保留率分别为68.4%、0.7%和69.4%、0.0%。吉林扶余油田西一区+15-8.2区块有水井6口,油井13口,含水率达91.5%,注入水最快在5天内到达油井。报道了该区块整体深部调剖封堵窜流通道的情况,详细叙述了+15-9.2井施工中通过注入压力和井底回压控制注入流量,使堵剂陆续进入原生和次生孔道的工艺作业,该井设计注入堵剂92 m3。6口水井整体调剖后,油井产液量差别减小,产油量增加,有效期已超过了9个月,共增油843 t,含水平均下降3.87%。图7表1参8。     

低密度微泡沫压井液的研究与应用

吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。     

WuM1-1羽状分支水平井充气钻井液技术

WuM1-1井由1口多分支水平井和1口采气的直井组成。该井斜井段短,井斜率在30°/100 m以上,主井眼和10个分支井段总进尺6182 m,98%以上在煤层中钻进,煤层脆、压实性较好,更易发生掉块。为满足钻井对井壁稳定性、润滑性、井眼净化以及煤层保护等的要求,采用钾铵基聚合物防塌钻井液进行充气欠平衡钻井,在钻进中保持钻井液有合适的粘度、切力,选用合适的注气压力和注气量以及当量钻井液密度;每钻完一个立柱坚持循环几分钟,上下划眼一次,并泵入CMC高粘钻井液,配合有效使用固控设备,尽量使井眼干净;复配使用粉末状固体润滑剂和液体润滑剂。该钻井液性能稳定,易于维护,悬浮携岩能力强,润滑性好,井眼畅通,保证了WuM1-1井安全、快速、优质施工。该井在煤层钻进中无阻卡现象,井壁稳定,没有出现井壁掉块或井垮现象,水平连通一次成功,10口分支井悬空侧钻一次成功,只用57 d即顺利完井,比该地区常规钻井快49倍。     

加氢渣油催化裂化七集总动力学模型的建立

以加工加氢渣油的茂名石化3^＃重油催化裂化装置的工业数据为基础，针对加氢渣油的特点，提出了以渣油四组分作为划分原料集总基础的催化裂化七集总动力学模型。通过变尺度法（B-F-G-S）和龙格库塔法确定动力学参数，并通过工业实测数据验证，表明该模型具有良好的拟合性和外推性，较好地反映了加氢渣油催化裂化反应规律。     

600 A IGBT开关电路及其散热系统设计

采用IGBT开关电路，对大功率电阻带进行直流脉宽调制控制，实现了内燃机车大功率直流发电机负载实验中的负载大小的连续调节。为了避免在实验过程中IGBT器件的温度过高，采用独特的双管IGBT结构和双向强迫风冷的散热系统。实验表明该电路运行稳定、可靠。     

Signal Integrity: Fault Modeling and Testing in High-Speed SoCs

As we approach 100 nm technology the interconnect issues are becoming one of the main concerns in the testing of gigahertz system-on-chips. Voltage distortion (noise) and delay violations (skew) contribute to the signal integrity loss and ultimately functional error, performance degradation and reliability problems. In this paper, we first define a model for integrity faults on the high-speed interconnects. Then, we present a BIST-based test methodology that includes two special cells to detect and measure noise and skew occurring on the interconnects of the gigahertz system-on-chips. Using an inexpensive test architecture the integrity information accumulated by these special cells can be scanned out for final test and reliability analysis.     

换热器设计中适宜流体用量的确定

利用换热器的操作线来分析讨论流体用量对传热过程的操作费用和设备费用的影响，找出了换热器设计和选型中适宜流体用量的优化确定方法，简便，快捷，具有一定的适用性。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON MUD BED-GENERATION AND IMPACTING A WALL ALONG A SLOPE

In this paper mud was treated as the Bingham fluid. In staggered grids, two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for non-Newtonian fluid was solved by the MAC method. Numerical simulations were conducted on mud bed-generating phenomenon and mud impacting a wall along a slope. The distributions of free surface, pressure and velocity of mud and water were obtained. The results indicate that the computed layer thickness of mud bed almost equals the theoretically predicted value. Because of the differences in constitutive relationship, the distributions of free surface are different for water and mud. The distortion of water free surface is much more complicated.     

氟塑料—石墨板式换热器在高温强腐蚀换热工况中的应用

通过氟塑料－石墨板式换热器在化纤生产中高温强腐蚀换热工况中的实际应用，并与常规换热器的使用情况的对比分析，阐述了这种新型换热设备的特点。