A methodology for assessing gamebird use of short rotation coppice

Gamebirds provide a considerable incentive to plant and manage new woodlands. The supplementary income thus generated can improve their overall value. Other studies suggest that Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) crops may provide an attractive habitat for some gamebird species and could increase the value of the crop. To investigate this, the use by pheasants and partridge of different types of SRC at one site was assessed.

A method using sand quadrats to record gamebird footprints and hence relative use was developed. Pheasant footprints were recorded more frequently in the quadrats alongside the willow coppice, whereas partridge footprints occurred more frequently alongside the poplar coppice. Footprint analysis offers a reliable method of investigating how gamebirds use different types of SRC within small areas. The results are considered in terms of the placement of short rotation coppice plantations in the landscape to improve their ecological design.     

Water-saving strategies for irrigation agriculture in Saudi Arabia

Agriculture policy changes in Saudi Arabia are investigated by water footprint (WF) assessment. WF is calculated with the model SPARE:WATER for 3758 irrigated sites. The WF of agriculture areas (WF_area, km³ yr^?1) has decreased (–17%) since the year 2000 to 13.84 km³ yr^?1 (2011), which is mainly caused by the reduction of cropland by –33%. Nevertheless, water consumption per field has increased about 16%, which can be attributed to the cultivation of fodder crops (+12%). A scenario analysis revealed that a shifting cropping pattern towards less fodder crops reduces WF_area by –15%, and implementing improved irrigation technology leads to a combined reduction of up to 32%     

多核程序交互理论及应用

多核处理器上共享缓存使用效率,即程序局部性是影响并行程序性能的关键因素之一。提出了以足迹为基础的局部性理论。介绍了缺失率、重用距离和足迹之间的转化关系,并利用足迹可组合性特征建立了并行程序局部性预测模型。     

基于MRIO与SNA的中国水资源空间转移网络分析

基于2002年、2007年和2012年的多区域投入产出表的相关数据,利用多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型和社会网络分析法(SNA)分析了中国水资源流动网络的空间关联性和结构特征。结果表明:网络中的链接数量没有随水足迹贸易值的增加而增加,链接路径上的流量不断增加,网络的韧性不够,空间关联渠道有待拓展,存在一定的等级差异,稳定性需要加强;网络中一些省份链接的增加,会削弱其他省份的链接数目,这种可塑性特征有利于在全国范围内合理配置水资源;将网络划分为4个板块,板块间的溢出关系主要是以板块内部为主,且少数板块之间没有任何的溢出关系。     

宁夏固原市主要农作物生产水足迹分析

水足迹理论为解决水资源短缺问题提供了新的研究方向。基于水足迹理论,借助CROPWAT8. 0软件,利用《宁夏统计年鉴》和《宁夏水资源公报》等资料,计算分析了宁夏固原市2009-2017年主要作物的蓝水、绿水和灰水足迹。结果表明:蓝水足迹占比最高,绿水足迹次之,灰水足迹最少。表明固原市农作物生产用水以蓝水为主,绿水为辅,灰水足迹虽然占比较少但逐年递增。建议当地根据水资源具体情况,调整作物种植模式,提高绿水利用率,减少氮肥使用率,使有限的水资源获得更大的效益,从而满足粮食安全和水生态安全的需求。     

成都市水生态足迹的时间分布特征及其影响因素

为了加强对成都市水资源可持续利用的规划与管理,运用水生态足迹计算模型分析成都市2000-2016年水生态足迹变化,并基于LMDI分解法分析成都市水生态足迹影响因素。结果显示,成都市水资源总量生态足迹逐年增大,2012年以后略有下降;农业用水在整个用水结构中占比最高,生态足迹最高;其次为工业用水、生活用水、生态用水占比。成都市2000-2016年水生态承载力先增大后降低,水生态盈余(赤字)逐年增大,万元GDP水生态足迹逐年下降,水资源负载指数逐年提高。说明成都市水资源利用程度高、利用效率高,但开发潜力小,水资源供给压力依然巨大。从影响因素的结构性分析来看,经济因素发挥主导作用,结构因素的抑制作用还未显现,人口因素的促进作用不够显著,技术因素的抑制作用显著。     

江苏省主要农作物的生产水足迹研究

运用水足迹的理论和方法对江苏省播种面积最大的6种农作物在2000-2010年间的水足迹进行计算,并分析各农作物生产水足迹的特点以及灰水足迹对水环境的不利影响。结果表明:6种农作物生产消耗的蓝水和绿水量总体上呈现下降趋势,江苏省农业生产的用水效率在逐年提高。6种农作物的绿水足迹占比为61.88%~88.17%,绿水在当地农作物生产中占有重要的地位;江苏省6种主要农作物中,水稻和小麦生产的水足迹之和占比为84.15%;单位质量棉花生产水足迹最大,其产生的灰水足迹也最大;单位质量小麦生产的水足迹是稻谷的近两倍,单位质量小麦生产产生的灰水足迹也明显大于水稻。     

The Resource-Energy Nexus as a Key Factor for Circular Economy

The extraction of raw materials is associated with energy input and CO₂ emissions. What is obvious for extraction from mining, however, also applies to recycling. Mostly, recycling is preferred for reasons of climate protection or because of the geological scarcity of raw materials, which is controversially discussed. While in mining, the declining ore grade is a driver for the energy demand, in case of recycling it is the dissipation of materials into products or waste. As concentration decreases, the effort required also increases disproportionately. The “closing the loop” metaphor of Circular Economy is therefore inappropriate in its stricter meaning. It is rather about optimizing the overall system and finding the optimal recycling rate. However, first, it must be clarified what the political goals for Circular Economy are.     

带束层膨胀对轮胎接地印痕的影响研究

研究带束层膨胀对轮胎接地印痕的影响。对比多种普通带束层膨胀的钢丝帘线角度变化法则,分析普通带束层膨胀对轮胎接地印痕仿真准确性的影响;探讨0°带束层钢丝帘线的特性,提出考虑0°带束层预应变的轮胎性能仿真方法,并分析0°带束层预应变对轮胎接地印痕的影响。本研究结果可为轮胎的结构设计、工艺设计和仿真分析方面提供指导。     

Protel DXP 2004应用中的常见问题及解决方法

Protel DXP 2004软件是一款应用广泛的印制电路板设计软件,学习该软件比较容易入门,但是要熟练掌握并且灵活处理软件使用中的常见问题并非易事。从电气规则检查、载入网络表、制作元件封装等方面,分析Protel DXP 2004软件操作中的常见问题及产生原因,并提出了解决这些问题的方法。