基于IGBT芯片疲劳机理的关断时间可靠性模型

基于绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)芯片疲劳机理,提出采用关断时间对IGBT健康状态进行监控的可靠性评估方法。采用理论分析与解析描述相结合的方法,建立了IGBT关断电流下降时间模型,进而通过研究IGBT关断时间特征量疲劳机理,建立了IGBT关断时间可靠性评估模型。仿真和实验验证了该模型的正确性与准确性。通过该模型可对IGBT的健康状况进行准确评估。     

不同介质环境条件下黏性土的分散性及其微观结构

采用碎块试验、双比重计试验、电动电位、扫描电镜等测试方法,对典型的分散性土和非分散性土在不同介质环境条件下的分散性及其微观结构特征进行了研究.研究表明,介质环境中的钠离子含量和pH值高低是决定土体是否产生分散的本质因素,两种因素缺一不可.如果土体中含有大量的钠离子,并且酸碱度呈强碱性,则土体具有分散性.通过掺加高价阳离子和酸性物质,降低土体中钠离子的相对含量和酸碱度,可对分散性土进行改良.在自然沉积条件下,分散性土的微观结构中含有较多的孔隙;而非分散性土比较密实,孔隙较少.     

加入CH4促进选择性非催化还原的CFD模拟研究

在实验研究和机理分析基础上利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件Fluent,结合简化的反应机理模型,对沉降炉脱除NOx实验过程进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明,在较低反应温度(1 073 K)下,喷入的氨基还原剂基本不与烟气中的NOx反应,形成较高的氨泄漏;而在较高的反应温度(1 373 K)下,喷入的氨基还原剂部分被烟气中的氧气氧化为NOx,导致NOx脱除效率较低。加入微量CH4能够促进较低温度下的选择性非催化还原(selective non-catalytic reduction,SNCR)反应,并减少氨泄露。在较高温度下SNCR反应速率加快,仍有部分NH3被氧化为NOx,但总体NOx脱除效率有所提高。模拟结果与实验结果的对比分析表明,采用简化的反应模型和CFD结合可以对常规SNCR反应和加入CH4的脱除NOx反应过程进行较为准确的模拟。     

磨粉机轧辊失效机理及提高使用寿命的途径

本文探讨了磨辊的磨损失效机理。用扫描电镜分析磨粉机轧辊的磨面和磨屑,提供了疲劳脱落和不均匀磨损的证据。侧磨试样发现磨辊亚表层显微裂纹,珠光体抑制渗碳体中裂纹的扩展。 经变质处理,在硬度变化不大情况下提高铸铁冲击韧性。磨损试验表明,相对耐磨性随韧性提高而提高,硬度与相对耐磨性并非线性关系,硬度与韧性相匹配的材料具有良好的抗磨性,装机试验比原材料磨辊使用寿命提高30％。     

改进蚁群优化算法在配电网网架规划中的应用

从转移概率和信息素的动态更新机制两方面对传统蚁群算法进行了改进。转移概率设计中采用2个参数的联动控制,实现了Dorigo和Maniezzo的设想。信息素动态更新机制使信息素权重随迭代次数增加而改变,实现了对整个可行域的搜索全面而迅速,弥补了传统蚁群算法训练效率低下和易陷入局部极小的不足。配电网优化的结果表明该算法的有效性。     

碳化硅结势垒肖特基二极管的质子辐射效应

碳化硅结势垒肖特基二极管(SiC JBS)是新一代航天器电推进系统的关键部件,但高能粒子辐射严重威胁其可靠性与稳定性。为揭示其辐射损伤机理,为其抗辐射加固设计与考核评估储备数据,本研究基于加速器开展了先进商用SiC JBS 10~20 MeV中能质子地面辐照实验,并提取器件辐照前后的正向伏安特性、反向伏安特性、电容电压等电学参数及缺陷特性。系统分析器件关键特性随辐照条件的改变规律。结果显示,质子辐照引起了器件肖特基势垒升高、载流子浓度降低,且10 MeV较低能质子导致的位移损伤退化更严重。分析认为,PN结界面缺陷导致高性能商用SiC JBS反向电学性能对中能质子的辐照更加敏感,正向特性相对稳定,辐照生碳缺陷造成载流子去除效应是引起SiC JBS性能退化的主要机制。     

Absolute determination of reaction mechanisms by in situ measurements of reaction intermediates

This paper presents a general methodology to determine reaction mechanisms using in situ measurement of concentration and reaction rate of intermediates. The criteria for testing the validity of a reaction sequence are discussed. An example is given for a heterogeneous catalytic reaction, the decomposition of ozone on manganese oxide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

早强磷硅酸盐水泥的制备和性能

以MgO含量较低的镁砂和粉煤灰为主要原料，制备了磷硅酸盐胶凝水泥（MPSC），研究力学性能．结果表明，磷硅酸盐水泥凝结快，早期强度高．掺入30％-50％的粉煤灰可明显地提高MPSC的早期和长期抗压强度，其中以粉煤灰掺量为40％效果最好．使用MgO含量较高而且颗粒较细的镁砂，制备出的水泥具有较高的强度．水泥石的水化产物以无定形为主，伴以少量的六水水化磷酸镁钾晶体．硬化水泥石中有许多未水化的镁砂，可作微集料．粉煤灰填充了反应物之间的空隙，使基体的密实度提高；粉煤灰参与水化反应提高了材料的胶凝性能．     

Electroplating onto inorganic glass surfaces - Part II: Mechanical treatment to improve adhesion‡

The metallization of glass surfaces was carried out using chemical and mechanical methods to achieve a roughened surface. Comparable to ABS polymers, where chemical treatment resulted in a selective etching of the chemically weaker phase and the adhesion mechanism was due to mechanical keying of the metal into the etched caverns, a finely structured glass surface must be properly prepared to ensure metal anchoring. For chemical treatment, melts of sodium and potassium hydroxide and potassium hydrogen sulfate were used. The treatment did not result in a finely roughened surface structure and no improvement in adhesion could be achieved. A mechanical treatment (using abrasive blast with Al₂O₃ of various grain sizes) produced a uniformly roughened glass surface but only with a combination of mechanical and chemical treatment, crevices comparable to the caverns produced in ABS-electroplating were attained. For chemical treatment, solutions of ammonium hydrogen fluoride of various concentrations were used. Soda-lime glass could be etched more easily than the borosilicate glass and gave higher peel-strengths.     

Solvent Migration and Drying Phbnoubnon of Polymeric Blends of Ethylene-Propylbnb Random Copolymbr and Isotactic Polypropylbnb in the Prbsbncb of Monocyclic Aromatic Liquids at Tbwbraturbs Bbtukbn 25-70°C.

ABSTRACT

Solvent sorption and drying performance of engineering polymeric blends of ethylene–propylene random copolymer and isotactic polypropylene in the presence of aromatic liquid: has been studied in the temperature interval 25–70°C. The drying of the polymer is studied from the desorption and redesorption experiments. The present results indicate that the rate of solvent migration and the drying phenomenon is controlled by internal mass transfer of solvent molecules within the polymer matrix. A technique is developed to study the sorption (S) –desorption (D) – resorption (RS)–redesorption (RD) i.e., S–D–RS–RD of the polymer sheets. The S–D–RS–RD experiments are a convenient measure of knowing the continuous weight loss of the polymer during long–term solvent exposure.