Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.     

Drag Forces on Large Cylinders

Introducing large woody debris into streams is a common practice in restoration projects. Beyond the complexity of flow patterns and sediment movements in streams where woody debris are found or placed, it seems that our understanding of the basic hydraulics of large roughness elements in small channels remains limited. Underestimating the drag force affecting large roughness elements can compromise the success of stream restoration projects. Results from a simple experimental setting confirm that drag force estimates based on approaches developed for small cylinders are not valid when applied to large cylinders. Indeed, the classic drag force equation that uses an empirical drag coefficient is found to significantly underestimate measured drag forces, even when corrected for the ‘blockage ratio’. In contrast, application of specific momentum can yield good estimates of the drag force. A dimensionless depth is defined in a 1D context as a function of the flow depth, critical flow depth and cylinder diameter. A cylinder is considered to be ‘large’ when this dimensionless depth is smaller than 2. In this instance, a relationship is established to estimate the upstream flow depth and the drag force acting on the cylinder. This research bridges the small roughness element theory widely recognized in hydraulic engineering with the theory applicable to large, flow controlling structures such as weirs. From a practical perspective, this research can be used to assist in the design of engineered large woody debris structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低雷诺数下并列双波浪柱尾迹干扰效应数值模拟

该文针对雷诺数Re=100下不同波长参数(/mλD=2、4、6和8)、不同间距比(1.5/3.5m≤L D≤)的并列双波浪柱后尾迹复杂的三维流动结构及干扰效应进行了数值研究。研究表明:三维并列双波浪柱在较小的间距比/1.5mL D=时,波峰对波谷排列的并列波浪柱后尾迹呈现明显偏置双稳流动结构,而波峰对波峰排列工况下基本呈现单一波浪型钝体后尾迹流动结构(尤其是在大波长/mλD=6和8时);当间距比/3mL D≥时,随着波长/mλD的增大,上下波浪柱各自呈现单波浪柱后尾迹流动结构;较大波长的三维波浪形状更好地组织了后尾迹三维流动结构,减少了并列双波浪柱后尾迹的相互干扰,从而减阻减振明显,最高减阻可达14.5%,脉动升力系数上下游波浪柱均趋于0.1。该研究可为近海工程的多立管结构及悬索桥的拉索振动抑制等提供理论支持。     

三峡水库试验性运行期生态调度效果评价

三峡工程是治理开发长江的骨干型水利枢纽工程,对国家经济、社会和生态环境影响深远。三峡水库建成以来,不仅在防御长江洪水威胁方面作用巨大,而且发电、航运等综合经济效益显著。为减轻工程运行造成的不利影响,对三峡水库2011—2014年运行期间开展了生态调度试验。为了更好地推进三峡水库生态调度工作,结合三峡工程设计阶段的生态环境影响评估结论和试验运行期生态调度目标的监测结果,对已开展的生态调度效果进行科学的评价,并对未来生态调度提出建议。     

Research progress on water resources management theory of “basing four aspects on water resources”EI北大核心CSCD

In order to implement the rigid constraint system for water resources and promote refined management of water resources, based on the analysis of the concept and notion of “basing four aspects on water resources” and the summary of the experience of water resources management, the basic theory and management guidelines for water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” are proposed. The latest progress of “ basing four aspects on water resources” is systematically sorted out, and it is pointed out that further research on the water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” should be deepened from the aspects of macro-system evaluation system construction, water resources optimization allocation model reconstruction, and refinement of water resources control system. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

南水北调中线四项补偿工程对汉江中下游干流供水区的影响

南水北调中线工程从汉江上游丹江口水库调水,使得水库下泄流量减少,泄流过程也会发生变化,汉江中下游干流供水能力也将随之减弱。分析了南水北调中线工程及四项补偿工程对汉江中下游干流供水的影响。结果表明, 作为南水北调水源区的配套工程之一,四项补偿工程的实施,能有效补充汉江中下游河道水量,抬高水位,改善沿岸取水条件和航运条件,保障汉江中下游地区的生态环境健康,对缓解该地区日益严峻的水资源供需矛盾,促进经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。     

南水北调工程作用下的河南省节水型社会建设

在分析国内特别是河南省节水型社会建设现状的基础上,借鉴国内部分地区节水型社会建设的成功经验,提出了建立节水型社会的基本内容,包括完善水资源管理体系、完善工程建设体系、完善经济结构体系、完善相关法规制度体系,即“四个完善”。结合河南省的具体实际,考虑南水北调工程的影响作用,阐述了在河南省如何做到“四个完善”以建设节水型社会的具体内容。     

利用四维热网络仿真模型计算反射镜和腔体窗光学性能对太阳能集热器系统热性能的影响

首次提出太阳能集热器系统单元（微元）段分节点热阻、热容网络——四维热网络概念，并以此建立腔体式吸收器－槽形抛物镜太阳能集热器系统的集热过程动态仿真模型。利用该模型计算了抛物镜反射率ｐ、腔体窗透过率ｔｇ及腔体窗发射率ｅｇ对太阳能集热器系统热性能的影响     

第二松花江干流四水转化模型研究及应用

文中叙述了四水转化模型的结构及制作,并详细介绍了模型中各项水文要素及计算方法。     

四极滚动快速隐患定位法及其运用

结合应用实例阐述了“四极滚动快速隐患定位法”及其在堤坝隐患探测中的具体操作方法和资料解释方法