DTM320／580型磨煤机传动齿轮轴断裂原因分析及防范措施

介绍了DTM580/320型磨煤机传动齿轮轴断裂的情况,并进行了分析;找到了断裂的原因,提出了防范措施。     

A Continuum Mechanics Approach for Crack Initiation and Crack Growth Predictions

Very often, different approaches are used for crack initiation and crack growth predictions. The current article introduces a recently developed approach that can be used for the predictions of both crack initiation and crack propagation. A basic assumption is that both crack nucleation and crack growth are governed by the same fatigue damage mechanisms and a single fatigue damage criterion can model both stages. A rule is that any material point fails to form a fresh crack if the total accumulated fatigue damage reaches a limit. For crack initiation predictions, the stresses and strains are obtained either directly from experiments or though a numerical analysis. For the prediction of crack growth, the approach consists of two steps. Elastic‐plastic stress analysis is conducted to obtain the detailed stress‐strain responses. A general fatigue criterion is used to predict fatigue crack growth. Compact specimens made of 1070 steel were experimentally tested under constant amplitude loading with different R‐ratios and the overloading influence. The capability of the approach to predict both crack initiation and the crack growth under these loading conditions was demonstrated by comparing the predictions with the experimental observations.     

旧料生产锡磷青铜带材急冷破鳞开裂原因及其探讨

阐述了在实际生产过程中，因大量使用镀白旧料生产锡磷青铜带材，在急冷破鳞时易出现开裂现象及其产生的原因。根据其特有的生产工艺及特点提出了相应的解决方法。     

烧结NdFeB磁体强度和韧性研究现状

烧结NdFeB永磁材料具有磁性能高、价格低、生产工艺简单等突出优点，因而自其开发以来，生产和应用取得了快速发展，并且其市场还将不断扩大。但是，这种材料强度和韧性差，机械加工困难，应用过程中容易开裂。因此，改善烧结NdFeB永磁材料的力学性能已成为一个迫切的需要。综述了该种材料的断裂机制及在改善材料强度和韧性等方面所做的研究工作，认为通过添加合金元素，韧化晶界，细化主相晶粒，是一种有效的方法。研究表明，材料的断裂方式主要为沿晶断裂，晶界上的薄片富Nd相是引起沿晶断裂的主要原因，通过微量添加合金元素能有效改善磁体力学特性。     

新锆合金碘致应力腐蚀断口研究

利用扫描电镜和EDXA对新锆合金碘致应力腐蚀的断口进行了形貌观察和成分分析。在断口表面发现腐蚀产物、二次裂纹、沿晶开裂和穿晶准解理开裂等应力腐蚀断裂特征,并观察到锆合金碘致应力腐蚀的“沟槽”特征。起裂区为沿晶开裂,在裂纹扩展阶段,开裂以穿晶为主。断口上腐蚀产物的成分主要是氧和锆,局部准解理开裂区域可检测到碘。去应力退火试样上发现了平行轧面的深沟,且沿晶开裂不明显。试验温度升高,断口上的腐蚀产物增多,而且沿晶开裂更容易。碘分压不仅影响腐蚀产物层的厚度,而且碘分压较高时沿晶开裂容易发生。     

Q235B中板延伸率低的原因分析

针对延伸率低的Q235B中板，通过对拉伸试样的化学成分、断口、非金属夹杂物和金相组织等理化检验，分析了造成试样层状断口、中板延伸率低的原因，并提出了一些对策。     

82B线材脆性断裂原因分析

82B线材在终轧后冷速过快导致表层出现马氏体是引起脆性断裂的原因之一.心部成分偏析导致奥氏体过冷,从而使马氏体出现在轴心部位,在拉拔过程中轴心马氏体断成竹节状,变成脆性断裂的裂纹源.大型脆性的夹杂物也是引起线材脆性断裂的起源.     

硬线盘条笔尖状断口断裂分析

采用光学金相显微镜和电子探针分析仪等测试方法对70、77MnA、82B硬线盘条在冷拉拔过程中产生笔尖状断口断裂的试样进行了分析。结果表明,硬线盘条在冷拉拔过程中断裂的断口特征为笔尖状(与之匹配的另一端为漏斗状),断裂的主要原因是盘条近中心部位存在P、Cr、Mn、S等元素的中心偏析。成分偏析的微观组织特征在纵向磨面上主要表现为偏析带、马氏体组织和网状碳化物。     

钼及碳含量对铌钼钨合金高温机械性能的影响

介绍了钨、钼、氧、碳含量不同的Nb-Mo-W合金于1773K时的拉伸和压缩试验情况及其变形和断裂行为。     

Calibration of the Weibull stress scale parameter, σu, using the Master Curve

This work proposes that the Weibull stress scale parameter, σ_u, increases with temperature to reflect the increasing microscale toughness of ferritic steels caused by local events that include plastic shielding of microcracks, microcrack blunting, and microcrack arrest. The Weibull modulus, m, then characterizes the temperature invariant, random distribution of microcrack sizes in the material. Direct calibration of σ_u values at temperatures over the DBT region requires extensive sets of fracture toughness values. A more practical approach developed here utilizes the so-called Master Curve standardized in ASTM Test Method E1921-02 to provide the needed temperature vs. toughness dependence for a material using a minimum number of fracture tests conducted at one temperature. The calibration procedure then selects σ_u values that force the Weibull stress model to predict the Master Curve temperature dependence of K_Jc values for the material. At temperatures in mid-to-upper transition, the process becomes more complex as fracture test specimens undergo gradual constraint loss and the idealized conditions of high-constraint, small-scale yielding assumed in E1921-02 gradually degenerate. The paper develops the σ_u calibration process to incorporate these effects in addition to consideration of threshold toughness effects and the testing of fracture specimens with varying crack-front lengths. Initial illustrations of the calibration process for simpler conditions, i.e. 1T crack-front lengths, use the temperature dependent flow properties and a range of toughness levels for an A533B pressure vessel steel. Then using the extensive fracture toughness data sets for an A508 pressure vessel steel generated recently by Faleskog et al. [Engng. Fract. Mech., in press], the paper concludes with calibrations of both m and σ_u over the DBT region and assessments of the Master Curve calibration approach developed here.