高掺量煤矸石固废微晶玻璃结构与性能研究

本文通过XRD、SEM、TG-DSC、耐腐蚀性、密度、硬度、断裂韧性等测试,研究不同热处理制度和煤矸石掺量对微晶玻璃晶体结构、微观形貌、物化性能的影响。结果表明,该体系煤矸石微晶玻璃析出的主晶相为钙长石相(CaAl₂Si₂O₈),随着热处理晶化温度的升高,析出的主晶相数量变多,尺寸变大,但主晶相种类并未改变。当热处理制度为核化温度750 ℃保温1 h、晶化温度1 000 ℃保温1 h时,主晶相晶体尺寸大小约300~400 nm。在优化热处理制度下,当煤矸石掺量从44%(质量分数)增加到70%时,4种不同煤矸石掺量微晶玻璃的物化性能相差不大。综合考虑煤矸石固废利用率和样品的物化性能指标,煤矸石掺量为70%的样品综合性能最佳。本文设计的煤矸石微晶玻璃体系,对煤矸石固废的包容性好,消纳性强,可实现煤矸石固废的大掺量高值化利用,为解决煤矸石固废堆积、环境污染等问题提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

混凝土单轴受拉断裂行为的近场动力学模拟

混凝土的宏观力学行为取决于材料组成及其性质。本文基于键基近场动力学理论建立了多相非均质性的混凝土细观尺度数值模型,研究了单轴拉伸作用下混凝土的宏观力学性能和断裂过程。通过改变粗骨料含量、砂浆强度、粗骨料强度以及界面过渡区强度对模型合理性进行了验证。结果表明:软化段之前的应力-应变曲线能够被很好重现,能准确描述混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的力学性能和断裂过程;调整数值模型中各相材料的力学参数能够合理模拟出不同类型的混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的断裂过程。     

工艺参数对钕铁硼化学镀Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层耐蚀性的影响

采用化学镀方法在钕铁硼表面制备Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层,并运用正交实验法考察PTFE乳液浓度、镀液温度、化学镀时间和搅拌速率对Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层腐蚀速率的影响.结果表明:Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层的腐蚀速率随着镀液温度升高、PTFE乳液浓度增加和搅拌速率提高都呈先减小后增大的趋势,而随着化学...     

Obesity and Male Reproduction: Do Sirtuins Play a Role?

Obesity is a major current public health problem of global significance. A progressive sperm quality decline, and a decline in male fertility, have been reported in recent decades. Several studies have reported a strict relationship between obesity and male reproductive dysfunction. Among the many mechanisms by which obesity impairs male gonadal function, sirtuins (SIRTs) have an emerging role. SIRTs are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that play a role in gene regulation, metabolism, aging, and cancer. SIRTs regulate the energy balance, the lipid balance, glucose metabolism, and adipogenesis, but current evidence also indicates a role for SIRTs in male reproduction. However, the majority of the studies have been conducted in animal models and very few have been conducted with humans. This review shows that SIRTs play an important role among the molecular mechanisms by which obesity interferes with male fertility. This highlights the need to deepen this relationship. It will be of particular interest to evaluate whether synthetic and/or natural compounds capable of modifying the activity of SIRTs may also be useful for the treatment of obesity and its effects on gonadal function. Although few studies have explored the role of SIRT activators in obesity-induced male infertility, some molecules, such as resveratrol, appear to be effective in modulating SIRT activity, as well as counteracting the negative effects of obesity on male fertility. The search for strategies to improve male reproductive function in overweight/obese patients is a challenge and understanding the role of SIRTs and their activators may open new interesting scenarios in the coming years.     

静电纺丝制备聚醚酮酮超细纤维

用溶液静电纺丝方法制备了聚醚酮酮超细纤维,用扫描电子显微镜研究了实验过程中纺丝电压、纺丝距离、流量、纺丝液浓度对于聚醚酮酮纤维直径和形貌的影响,并对多个纺丝参数的影响规律进行了分析。实验结果表明,在一定条件下纺丝电压和纺丝距离对纤维直径影响较小,而流量和纺丝液浓度能显著影响纤维直径,在小流量、低浓度容易得到较细的纤维,并且纤维直径分布集中。     

基于VOF-DPM的气体辅助式污泥雾化破碎的数值模拟

为实现污泥雾化破碎的数值模拟,探究污泥雾化特征和操作参数对污泥雾化效果的影响,在污泥雾化试验平台试验的基础上基于Fluent软件对污泥在气体辅助式雾化器的雾化破碎进行模拟研究,模拟结果确定了污泥的雾化特征和最优操作参数。通过耦合流体体积法(VOF)与离散相模型(DPM),对较大的液体团采用VOF方法直接求解,对小液滴采用双向耦合的离散相模型进行追踪,能最大程度地提高计算的准确性。结果表明,污泥的密度和黏度随着含水率升高逐渐降低,气体速度、气液比和雾化角度是影响污泥雾化破碎的最重要的三个操作参数。在雾化过程中,中心区域的雾滴密度大于边缘区域且有少量大颗粒的聚集。对于含水率为87%、密度为1.065×103 kg/m3的污泥,在风速为180 m/s,气液比为126.3,雾化角度为55°时雾化效果最佳,雾滴颗粒的平均粒径约为0.193 mm,试验结果与模拟结果的颗粒粒径吻合度较好,最大相对误差为5.80%。     

连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带熔融浸渍过程纤维断裂研究

为提高连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带（PP/GF）性能,采用熔融浸渍法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带,研究了PP熔体浸渍连续GF束过程。基于Weibull分布函数建立了纤维断裂数学模型,预测预浸带生产过程中纤维断裂率并描述实验结果。结果表明,模型与实验数据吻合较好,能够为工业化生产提供指导;纤维束在浸渍模具中受到树脂熔体的作用,及纤维与设备之间的摩擦是影响纤维断裂的主要因素,适当提高浸渍模具温度,降低纤维束牵引速度,增大浸渍模具间隙能有效降低纤维断裂率,提高工艺稳定性。     

Semianalytical method of two-phase liquid transport in shale reservoirs and its application in fracture characterization

This study presents a new semi-analytical method to simulate the two-phase liquid transport in hydraulic fractures (HF) and matrix system, which can be applied to characterize HF attributes and dynamics using the flowback data from hydraulically fractured shale oil wells. The proposed approach includes a fracture model for HF properties calculation and a matrix model capable of considering multiple liquid transport mechanisms in shale nanopores. The proposed method is first validated with the numerical simulation then applied to a field example in Eagle Ford shale. The numerical validation confirms that our method can accurately characterize fracture attributes and closure dynamics by closely estimating the initial fracture permeability, pore-volume, compressibility, and permeability modulus. Furthermore, the analysis results from numerical simulation and a field example both indicate a clear flow enhancement and deficit for oil and water transport, respectively, due to the slippage effect and variation of fluid properties inside nanopores.     

Influence of metallic properties on the fracture characteristics of Al2O3/Ti/Ni-laminated composites

The mutual confinement of ceramics and metals in laminated composites tends to change the original properties of ceramics and metals. In this study, two kinds of laminated composites, Al₂O₃/Ti and Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni, were prepared. Three-point bending experiments revealed that Al₂O₃/Ti underwent brittle fracture after elastic deformation. The fracture morphology analysis revealed that the Ti in Al₂O₃/Ti became brittle due to the formation of columnar crystals. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of laminations during preparation was responsible for the formation of columnar crystals. The force–displacement curves of the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni combine the properties of elastic deformation of ceramics and plastic deformation of metals. The reason why the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni did not fracture completely in the bending experiments is that Ni maintained the toughness, and there is a good interfacial bond among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni. The indentation crack analysis revealed that cracks have long transverse propagation and short longitudinal propagation in both laminated composites. Finite element analysis revealed that this was due to compressive stress in the Al₂O₃ layer and tensile stress in the metal layer. This compressive stress consumes the crack energy in the longitudinal direction and stops the crack in the metal layer. The brittle to ductile gradient transition among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni, combined with the guidance of crack propagation direction by the interfacial layer, enhances the ability of Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni to resist damage.     

Addressing amorphization and transgranular fracture of B4C through Si doping and TiB2 microparticle reinforcing

Over the last two decades, many studies have contributed to improving our understanding of the brittle failure mechanisms of boron carbide and provided a road map for inhibiting the underlying mechanisms and improving the mechanical response of boron carbide. This paper provides a review of the design and processing approaches utilized to address the amorphization and transgranular fracture of boron carbide, which are mainly based on what we have found through 9 years of work in the field of boron carbides as armor ceramics.