Fabrication and properties of low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy

The low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy without hydrogen-fired expansion was fabricated by the technique of vacuum hot press and hot extrusion. The mechanical and electrical properties measurements and microstructures observation on as-hot extruded, as-cold drawn and as-annealed Cu-Al2O3 alloy were conducted. The results show that the addition of a suitable amount of boron in the alloy can lower the residual free oxygen content and then inhibit the hydrogen-fired expansion. The density, σb, σ0.2, hardness, δ and electrical conductivity of the alloy reach 8.86 g/cm^3 (relative density of 99.6%), 340MPa, 250MPa, HB95,24% and 93%(IACS) respectively after hot extruded with the extrusion ratio of 30:1. Its properties have no change after annealed at 900℃ for 1h. Its strength increases after cold drawing, while its ductility and electrical conductivity drop gradually. Various properties of the cold drawn alloy can recover to those of as-extruded after annealed at 900℃ for 1h without the occurrence of recrystallization.     

Novel accelerated corrosion test for LY 12CZ and LC4CS aluminum alloys

A new accelerated corrosion test--comprehensive environmental test （CET） was developed in order to estimate the outdoor corrosion of aluminum alloys in marine environment. The environmental characteristics in CET were studied by atmospheric corrosion monitor （ACM）, and the morphology of corrosion product was observed by SEM. The correlation between the accelerated corrosion tests and outdoor exposure was discussed. The results show that the anti-corrosion ranking for LY12CZ, LC4CS, clad LY12CZ, and clad LC4CS in CET is the same as that of the alloys exposed outdoor, and ACM study shows that CET demonstrates the .same environmental characteristics as that exposed outdoor. CET is a more accurate accelerated corrosion test, and a mathematical relation was obtained to describe the relation between CET and outdoor test.     

Effects of molten aluminum on H13 dies and coatings

The effects of molten aluminum casting alloy A390 on a commercially heat treated H13 die steel and two wear-resistant coatings, Cr₂₃C₆ and TiN, were investigated by an accelerated corrosion test. The H13 steel suffered severe corrosion due to the rapid formation of intermetallic compounds. The formation of multilayer intermetallic compounds and the simultaneous dissociation of the intermetallic compound τ6 (Al₄FeSi) were attributed to the fast dissolution of H13 steels into the melt. This dissolution of the H13 steel was accelerated dramatically by turbulence and an increase in melt temperature. Significant improvement in corrosion resistance was achieved for the H13 steel coated by Cr₂₃C₆ via a pack cementation process.     

Hot dip fine Zn and Zn-Al alloy double coating for corrosion resistance at coastal area

A new hot dip Zn-7Al alloy coating was performed on a structural steel by double coating of fine Zn and Zn-7 wt.% Al alloy, to prevent severe corrosion in coastal area. The alloy-coated steels were exposed to seaside, quasi-industrial, and rural districts to compare with conventional Zn coating. Double coating was significantly effective in preventing corrosion, particularly in a seaside. It was estimated from the exposure test for 10 years that the life of the Zn-7Al alloy-coated steel would be almost four times that of the Zn-coated steel in the seaside. A bending test showed that no exfoliation occurred at the interface between the coated alloy and substrate steel. TEM observation revealed that the excellent adhesiveness of the doubly coated fine Zn and Zn-7Al alloy to the steel substrate was due to formation of the interface region consisting of heterogeneous fine phase mixture of zinc, aluminium and iron.     

Effect of surface coating on the screw loosening of dental abutment screws

Regardless of the type of performed restoration, in most cases, a screw connection is employed between the abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has remained a problem in restorative practices. The purpose of this study was to compare the surface of coated/plated screws with titanium and gold alloy screws and to evaluate the physical properties of coated/plated material after scratch tests via FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) investigation. GoldTite, titanium screws provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screws by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screws and titanium screws by AVANA (Osstem Implant, Korea) were selected for this study. The surface, crest, and root of the abutment screws were observed by FE-SEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, and a scratch on the surface of the head region was made at constant load and thereafter the fine trace was observed with FE-SEM. The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other screws and it also had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screws. The scratch tests also revealed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in the screw coated with teflon. The titanium screw had rough surface and low ductility. The clinical use of gold-plated screws is recommended as a means of preventing screw loosening.     

A study on corrosion resistance characteristics of PVD Cr-N coated steels by electrochemical method

The corrosion behavior of Cr-N coated steels with different phases (-Cr, CrN and Cr₂N) deposited by cathodic arc deposition on AISI H13 steel was investigated in a 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were the techniques applied to characterize the corrosion behavior. It was found that the CrN coating had a lower current density from potentiodynamic polarization tests than others. The porosity, corresponding to the ratio of the polarization resistance of the uncoated and the coated substrate, was higher in the Cr₂N coating than in the other Cr-N coated steels. EIS measurements showed, for most of the Cr-N coated steels, that the Bode plot presented two time constants. Also, the Cr₂N coating represented the characteristic of Warburg behavior after 72 h of immersion. The coating morphologies were examined in planar view and cross-section by SEM analysis and the results were compared with those of the electrochemical measurement. The CrN coating had a dense, columnar grain-sized microstructure with minor intergranular porosity. From the above results, it is concluded that the CrN coating provided a better corrosion protection than the other Cr-N coated steels.     

超精密传动系统电机驱动器系统性能测试

文章介绍了基于扭轮摩擦传动机构的超精密传动系统的基本结构,设计并分析了电机驱动器测试系统及其工作原理,论述了电机-驱动器系统静态性能和动态性能的测试原理和评估方法.在静态条件下可以直接比较输入和输出数值,在动态条件下应排除时滞影响,分析输出和输入数值的随机偏差.分析了静态性能和动态性能的评估方法和评价条件公式,并在所设计的测试系统上对电机驱动器系统进行了测试,根据实验数据得出该系统静态和动态性能优良的结论并测量了电机-驱动器系统的滞后时间常数.     

焊接结构应力松弛开裂模拟试验研究

利用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ模拟试验机进行了一种新的不等温应力松弛试验来考察两种低合金钢的焊后应力松弛开裂敏感性。该试验方法以热膨胀量补偿法模拟整个去应力处理（包括加热和保温）中与应力松弛开裂产生过程吻合的应力—温度条件。试验获得了一种连续加热断裂时间—温度“Ｃ”曲线及不等温应力松弛塑性的新概念，并定量测出了材料在此过程中的应力松弛塑性及其与温度的关系。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed DC magnetron sputtered nanocomposite Cr-Cu-N thin films

The nanocomposite Cr-Cu-N thin films have been deposited at a substrate temperature of 250 °C by a bipolar asymmetric pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering process. Different Cu contents ranging from 0.4 to 14.9 at.% were achieved. The structures of Cr-Cu-N thin films were analyzed by XRD. The surface and cross sectional morphologies of thin films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoindentation and scratch tests were adopted to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Cu-N coatings. The influences of Cu content on the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Cu-N coatings were explored. It is observed that the columnar structure no longer exists when the Cu content exceeds 10.9 at.%. The stability of CrN phase in the coating is influenced by the Cu content. The scratching coefficient of thin films decreases with increasing Cu content. Sufficient adhesion and tribological properties of Cr-Cu-N coatings are achieved. The maximum average hardness around 20 GPa and scratching coefficient around 0.1 are found in the coatings with around 2.1 to 2.6 at.% Cu in this work.     

固体颗粒介质成形新工艺及变形研究

固体颗粒介质成形新工艺,是采用固体颗粒代替刚性凸模(或弹性体、液体)的作用,对金属板料成形的工艺。固体颗粒介质成形新工艺,即可以解决流体介质、粘性介质的密封难题,又具有内压非均匀分布、便于控制成形、提高材料成形极限、降低投资成本、所得零件表面质量高、成品率高的优点,且固体颗粒无工业污染,可重复使用。该工艺为材料的加工制备提供了新的方法和手段。利用塑性增量理论,对自由变形区任意一点的应变进行了分析,得到了自由变形区任一点的应变及厚度计算公式。采用固体颗粒介质成形工艺,进行板料成形试验,成功试制出多种典型工件;对试验件壁厚分布的计算值和实测值进行了比较,证明理论正确。