超声波传感器在沙子料位检测中的应用

为提高混凝土的质量,配比很重要,其中沙子精确计量是关键因素之一。提出并设计了超声波系统测量沙子料位;为保证测量精度,采取自动增益控制电路和温度补偿。经实验证明:该方法简单、可行,为沙子质量的检测提供了一种新的参考方法。     

High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate

High-strength concrete (HSC) has undergone many developments based on the studies of influence of cement type, type and proportions of mineral admixtures, type of superplasticizer and the mineralogical composition of coarse aggregates. Most studies were carried out using natural sand with rounded and smooth grains. In practice, crushed sands from various sources are frequently used in concrete. In this paper, two aspects of the effect of crushed sands on HSCs are presented. First, the performance of crushed sands in relation to natural sand using a low water/cement (w/c) ratio and fixed coarse aggregate and cement content is analyzed. Results show that concrete with crushed sand requires an increase of superplasticizer to obtain the same slump. It also presents a higher strength than the corresponding natural sand concrete at all test ages, while its elastic modulus is lower at 28 days and is the same after that. Studies on the development of hydration and mortar phase of concrete show that the increase of strength can be attributed to the improvement of paste-fine aggregate transition zone. Second, the influence of the mineralogical source of the crushed sands was studied using three different types of crushed sands (granite, limestone and dolomite) with similar grading. Two mixtures containing 450 and 485 kg/m³ cement and low w/c ratio are analyzed. Results show the adverse effects of shape and texture on workability of concrete, but the compressive strength of concrete is improved. Granite crushed sand appears as the most advantageous sand for this purpose.     

共聚型聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液胶粘剂的研制

利用醋酸乙烯酯与两种烯类单体共聚,研制出防冻性、耐水性较好的环保型聚醋酸乙烯乳液胶粘剂,并通过研究发现聚醋酸乙烯乳液组成(聚乙烯醇、共聚单体以及乳化剂等)均对乳液性能产生影响。     

饱和砂土吸力基础沉贯过程中渗流场分布

针对不同长径比的传统吸力基础及裙式吸力基础,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,研究其在饱和砂土内吸力沉贯过程中的土体渗流场分布规律。研究结果表明:传统吸力基础在沉贯过程中,土中渗流场均呈现层状分布,水头等值线密集分布于主桶内部土体,相对比较平缓;而主桶外部水头等值线变化较小且分布比较稀疏。裙式吸力基础渗流场主要存在于主桶内部和裙结构内部,并向外扩散至部分土体。吸力沉贯过程中土体的水头损失主要集中在主桶内部和裙结构内部,土体中的孔压分布和传统吸力基础规律一致,即成层状分布并未出现泡状的孔压分布形式。研究成果对揭示吸力基础沉贯机理有理论指导意义。     

沙漠风积沙地基扩展基础抗拔现场试验研究

通过在新疆、宁夏和内蒙古典型沙漠地区完成的现浇混凝土和装配式2种扩展基础在上拔、上拔与水平力组合工况下的25个现场试验,获得了风积沙扩展基础抗拔荷载-位移曲线,并确定了各试验基础的抗拔极限承载力。按照"土重法"计算原理,得到了反映沙漠风积沙地基抗拔承载性能的极限"上拔角"。经统计分析,得到沙漠风积沙极限"上拔角"标准值为16.8°,该值考虑了沙漠风积沙的区域特征、基础型式与尺寸、荷载工况等因素,可为沙漠地区输电线路杆塔基础的工程设计提供依据。     

某抽水蓄能电站下库进出水口水沙运动特性试验研究

利用河工模型对某抽水蓄能电站下库区进行了特征洪水过程及电站运行的联合模拟试验。试验表明在输沙槽与拦沙潜堰共同作用下,电站进出水口的含沙量得到有效控制。在来水含沙量低于3kg/m3时,进出水口含沙量都满足电站运行要求,但是在含沙量较高的洪水期,底部浑水会逆行至电站进出水口附近,导致过机含沙量较高,因此提出了增设非封闭式拦沙潜坝的修改方案。修改方案改善了进出水口前的水流结构,起到了良好的拦沙截淤作用,进出水口前含沙量及泥沙淤积大幅减少,蓄能期过机含沙量降低13%~22%。在含沙量较大的洪水期,电站不宜抽水运用,但适时采用发电运行有助于减轻下库进出水口前的泥沙淤积。     

石英砂的塑性机理研究

研究了石英砂的塑性并对其进行改善,得出石英砂颗粒大小、砖坯含水率、砖坯p H值和增塑剂含量对砖坯塑性的影响规律及机理,并且为利用石英砂而采用可塑成型去制备高性能的烧结砖探索出了合适的成型工艺条件:球磨时间24h、含水率为29%、坯料p H=9和增塑剂含量为5%。     

Transport of Gellan Gum Microbeads in Soil Columns of Various Grain Size Distributions

The transport of gellan gum microbeads as potential cell carriers was investigated in horizontal columns packed with different grain size classes of gravel (2–16 mm) and sand (0.25–2 mm). A suspension of microbeads was pulsed into each column for 6 h, followed by injection of water for 42 h. In general, the total amount of microbeads travelling across a given section of the column increased with injection time but decreased towards the column outlet, varying as a direct function of grain size. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the transport of gellan gum microbeads through medium sand to medium gravel across distances up to 110 cm.     

Preparation Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan-Polyacrylic Acid-Modified Iron Sand Leachate for Proton Exchange Membranes

ABSTRACT

Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of chitosan (Chi) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)-modified iron sand leachate were prepared and considered for applicability as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells. Chi-PAA-hematite blended in different weight ratios and the resulting membranes were treated to enable the formation of the polyelectrolyte. The membranes of Chi-PAA polyblend were treated using iron sand leachate and reveal high ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, water uptake, and good mechanical stability. The result of research indicated that the membrane with 40 wt% of Chi and 60 wt% of PAA blend which its conductivity of 6.10 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 was potentially for a proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.