带缺陷膨润土防水毯的渗透试验

分别以自来水和0.05 mol/L的CaCl2溶液作为渗滤溶液研究带缺陷膨润土防水毯(GCL)的渗透性能。试验结果表明:自来水渗滤时,GCL的渗透系数随着缺陷直径的增大而增大,缺陷直径达11 mm时缺陷不能完全愈合,致使渗透系数超过1×10-9m/s。CaCl2溶液渗滤时,随着离子交换作用的进行,渗透系数随孔隙体积流量的增大有增大的趋势;缺陷直径小于5 mm时GCL具有一定的自愈能力,但增至7mm时缺陷不能愈合,溶液和缺陷的共同作用使得GCL的防渗性能很差。     

基础换填法在南水北调北汝河倒虹吸工程中的应用

北汝河倒虹吸工程的构筑物建基面位于地表下18m深的粘土岩层上,该岩层的不规则裂隙导致施工降排水效果不佳,该问题一度困扰施工进展.在充分对比、分析及论证的基础上,提出了基础换填方法,有效解决了这一难题,为工程赢得了时间和效益.     

铜场水库大坝施工期渗流及变形资料分析

通过对坝体0＋090桩号及0＋145桩号施工期沉降及渗流监测成果的分析,初步分析了铜场水库大坝施工期在孔隙压力水和上游水位的共同作用下,心墙内渗透水位上升和沉降量明显偏大的原因。监测成果表明：①坝体施工期沉降量偏大但沉降监测成果符合一般变化规律;②心墙碾压铺料层厚度较厚,层间结合部压实密度较低,心墙压实度较低的部位有少量水渗入;③0＋090与0＋145断面的倾度为0.001%～0.067%,说明心墙沉降比较均匀。     

具有饱和状态反馈离散时滞系统的渐近稳定性

讨论具有饱和状态反馈的离散时滞线性系统的渐近稳定性问题. 给出了在一定假设下, 判断系统全局渐近稳定和局部渐近稳定的充分条件, 并通过数值算例验证了所给出的条件是有效的.     

基于支持向量机的红细胞彩色图像分割

对红细胞进行精确的分割并统计各类参数在临床医学中有着重要的意义,但现有经典算法很难实现自动分割并获得较高准确率。红细胞的分割主要有两个难点：一是红细胞的目标提取;二是重叠红细胞的分割。本文首先利用SVM对原始图像进行红细胞提取,把原始细胞分割成红细胞和背景两类目标区域,然后对红细胞区域进行重叠分割（本文中使用改进距离标记的分水岭算法）,最终得到各个红细胞的统计数据。为获得最佳的分割效果,本文通过实验对核函数、支持向量类型及相关参数进行了详细的比较和分析。实验结果表明,该算法能有效、快捷、准确、全自动的实现     

气相色谱法测定食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量

本文运用气相色谱技术建立了食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量检测方法.本方法检出限和定量限分别为2.28mg/L和6.84mg/L,采用低、中、高3个浓度水平对样品进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为95.46%~106.38%,相对标准偏差<4.0%.优质原生纸样品食品模拟物未检出矿物油,而回收食品包装纸中均存在不同矿物油迁移量,尤其是含有油墨、石蜡和粘合剂等的回收纸.     

天然活性包装膜在冷冻肉贮藏中的应用研究进展

目的 对天然活性包装膜在冷冻肉贮藏中的应用研究进展进行总结,为后续研究提供理论参考。方法 在介绍反复冻融对冷冻肉品质影响的基础上,围绕天然活性包装膜的功能成分、成膜工艺及其在冷冻肉贮藏中的应用研究予以阐述,讨论现有研究的局限性和今后的研究方向。结果 冻融过程中冰晶的反复形成影响冷冻肉体系的细胞结构和理化性质,加剧肉品品质下降;天然活性包装膜可以通过降低干耗、抑制氧化等延长肉品货架期。结论 天然活性包装膜可有效保护冷冻肉品,在肉品保鲜领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Isochoric p-ρ-T Measurements on 1,1-Difluoroethane (R152a) from 158 to 400 K and 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R143a) from 166 to 400 K at Pressures to 35 MPa

The p--T relationships have been measured for 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) by an isochoric method with gravimetric determinations of the amount of substance. Temperatures ranged from 158 to 400 K for R152a and from 166 to 400 K for R143a, while pressures were up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on compressed liquid samples. Determinations of saturated liquid densities were made by extrapolating each isochore to the vapor pressure, and determining the temperature and density at the intersection. Published p--T data are in good agreement with this study. For the p--T apparatus, the uncertainty of the temperature is ±0.03 K, and for pressure it is ±0.01% at p>3 MPa and ±0.05% at p&#60;3 MPa. The principal source of uncertainty is the cell volume (28.5 cm³), which has a standard uncertainty of ±0.003 cm³. When all components of experimental uncertainty are considered, the expanded relative uncertainty (with a coverage factor k=2 and thus a two-standard deviation estimate) of the density measurements is estimated to be ±0.05%.     

Alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol over catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like anionic clays

Vapour phase alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol was carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor over calcined magnesium aluminium hydrotalcites (MgAl-CHT) with Mg/Al atomic ratios 2, 3 and 4. MgAl 3.0-CHT showed higher phenol conversion (80% at 350C, in the alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol. Both O- and C-alkylations were found to be taking place without any skeletal isomerization of the propyl moiety, suggesting an S_N2 type mechanism. Isomorphous substitution of Mg²⁺ by Cu²⁺ or Ni²⁺ in the hydrotalcite framework resulted in the predominant C-alkylation to give 2-n-propylphenol (60–70%) with nearly 40–50% phenol conversion at 350C. When 2-propanol was used as an alkylating agent, the phenol conversion decreased over all these catalysts and the alkylation was noticed exclusively at C-centers. Comparison of the product selectivity at constant phenol conversion revealed that CuAl 3.0-CHT is more selective for 2-n-propylphenol and 2-isopropylphenol in the reaction of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol respectively. The participation of a pair of acid-base sites in the calcined hydrotalcites for the alkylation reaction has been proposed. The acid-base properties of these catalysts have been examined by the decomposition of cyclohexanol as a test reaction. Analysis of the spent catalysts revealed that Cu²⁺ in CuO gets reduced into Cu¹⁺ and metallic copper during the reaction in the case of CuAl-CHT, while MgO and NiO phases of MgAl-CHT and NiAl-CHT are retained.