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91.
92.
近年国内燃料油市场变化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对近两年国内燃料油市场供需状况、价格走势及变化原因进行了分析,并对今后的市场状况进行了分析预测。 相似文献
93.
生物柴油与普通柴油任意比例互溶的混合物可以代替石化柴油供内燃机使用,为了使得这种混合物在内燃机应用中达到好的动力性和排放效果,就需要研究不同比例的生物柴油—柴油混合物的雾化效果。利用数字图像处理的方法对生物柴油-柴油混合物雾化图像进行处理,获得了单位面积内雾化粒度的数量和平均直径,处理速度快捷、准确,减少了传统人工方法分析的主观性和较高的失误率。 相似文献
94.
从燃料乙醇局部替代石油消费的角度,结合经济计量模型和实地调研对燃料乙醇产业未来的盈利能力,市场规模以及其对玉米市场冲击进行了阐述。 相似文献
95.
介绍了几种代用清洁燃料,着重介绍了甲醇燃料的特点、发展历史和使用现状,并且从其对环境的影响、着火爆炸的安全性以及毒性等方面论述了甲醇燃料的使用安全性能。 相似文献
96.
Free acids of the iron substituted heteropoly acids (HPA), H7[(P2W17O61)FeIII(H2O)] (HFe1) and H18[(P2W15O56)2FeIII2(H2O)2] (HFe2) were prepared from the salts K7[(P2W17O61)FeIII(H2O)] (KFe1) and Na12[(P2W15O56)2FeIII4(H2O)2] (NaFe4), respectively. The iron-substituted HPA were adsorbed on to XC-72 carbon based GDLs to form HPA doped GDEs after water washing with HPA loadings of ca. 1 μmol. The HPA was detected throughout the GDL by EDX. Solution electrochemistry of the free acids are reported for the first time in sulfate buffer, pH 1-3. The hydrogen oxidation reaction was catalyzed by KFe1 at 0.33 V, with an exchange current density of 38 mA/cm2. Moderate activity for the oxygen reduction reaction was observed for the iron substituted HPA, which was dramatically improved by selectively removing oxygen atoms from the HPA by cycling the fuel cell cathode under N2 followed by reoxidation to give a restructured oxide catalyst. The nanostructured oxide achieved an OCV of 0.7 V with a Tafel slope of 115 mV/decade. Cycling the same catalysts in oxygen resulted in an improved catalyst/ionomer/carbon configuration with a slightly higher Tafel slope, 128 mV/decade but a respectable current density of 100 mA/cm2 at 0.2 V. 相似文献
97.
We state and analyse one-shot methods in function space for the optimal control of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that can be formulated in terms of a fixed-point operator. A general convergence theorem is proved by generalizing the previously obtained results in finite dimensions. As application examples we consider two nonlinear elliptic model problems: the stationary solid fuel ignition model and the stationary viscous Burgers equation. For these problems we present a more detailed convergence analysis of the method. The resulting algorithms are computationally implemented in combination with an adaptive mesh refinement strategy, which leads to an improvement in the performance of the one-shot approach. 相似文献
98.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(10):3618-3631
This paper focuses on the cathode and current collector layers of a co-sintered, all-ceramic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) concept. Challenges to reach good electrochemical performance have to be overcome, due to more demanding manufacturing conditions, including a relatively high co-sintering temperature. Master sintering curves show that the sintering activity of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) is significantly higher than that of 8-mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ). By applying a double-layered cathode and a current collector with optimized microstructures the best electrochemical performance of the cathode is 0.26 cm at 800 C, evaluated from polarization resistances of 8YSZ electrolyte-supported symmetric cells post-sintered at 1150 C C. The cathode and current collector materials are adapted to fit the co-sintering process by adjustment of the paste compositions. Half-cells consisting of silicate mechanical support, LSM current collector, LSM mixed with 8YSZ composite cathode and 8YSZ electrolyte are co-sintered porous and defect-free at 1150 C C. 相似文献
99.
David Y. Z. Chang Jon H. Van Gerpen Inmok Lee Lawrence A. Johnson Earl G. Hammond Stephen J. Marley 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(11):1549-1555
The effects of using blends of methyl and isopropyl esters of soybean oil with No. 2 diesel fuel were studied at several steady-state
operating conditions in a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Fuel blends that contained 20, 50, and 70% methyl soyate
and 20 and 50% isopropyl soyate were tested. Fuel properties, such as cetane number, also were investigated. Both methyl and
isopropyl esters provided significant reductions in particulate emissions compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. A blend of 50%
methyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel provided a reduction of 37% in the carbon portion of the particulates and 25% in the
total particulates. The 50% blend of isopropyl ester and 50% No. 2 diesel fuel gave a 55% reduction in carbon and a 28% reduction
in total particulate emissions. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons also were reduced significantly. Oxides
of nitrogen increased by 12%. 相似文献
100.
We present a simple glue method for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Rather than the conventional “dry” hot-pressing method that relies solely on hot-pressing at a high pressure and temperature to form a MEA, the “wet” method developed in this work introduces a binding agent, consisting of Nafion® solution, between a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and an anode/cathode. The introduced binding agent can provide a better adhesion and stronger binding force between a membrane and an electrode, thereby facilitating a better interfacial contact between the electrode and the Nafion® membrane, which has been proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to the cross-sectional morphology of the MEA after long-term operation. The cell performance characterization showed the MEA fabricated by the glue method was more stable in cell performance than that fabricated by the conventional hot-pressing method. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results also demonstrated the MEA fabricated by the glue method exhibited a higher electrochemical surface area (ESA) as a result of the improved interfacial contact between the Nafion® membrane and the electrodes. Finally, the DMFC with the MEA fabricated by the glue method was characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). 相似文献