白腐真菌锰过氧化物酶的研究

建立白腐真菌如Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Trametes versicolor,Trametes hirsuta,Trametes hispida等菌的液体反应体系。研究各种因子对产锰过氧化物酶的影响。研究表明:①Mn2+是产锰过氧化物酶必不可少啪因子;②在所有体系中VA (0．4 mmol／L)、Tween80(0．1％)和草酸(5 mmol／L)都能促进产酶;③对Phanerochaete chrysosporium而言,高N抑制产酶;对Trametes hispida而言,N源多少对产酶没有影响;④L-苯丙氨酸(20 mmol／L)、D-苯丙氨酸(20 mmol／L)和二巯基苏糖醇(0．1％)均抑制Phanerochaete chrysosporium产酶;⑤Trametes versicolor产酶能力比Phanerochaete chrysosporium 大的多,且Trametes versicolor产酶时间长。     

生物技术在造纸工业废水中的应用

白腐菌是一种有效处理造纸工业废水的丝状真菌,它可以通过其分泌的特殊的降解酶系降解废水中的污染物。本文综述了目前国际上生物技术――微生物(白腐菌)在造纸工业废水中的应用,阐述了白腐菌的生物学特性及其对造纸废水中木素、有机氯化物的降解和脱色的国内外研究和应用,并对其机理作了分析和探讨。     

白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶的生产及其最佳诱导条件

漆酶可催化酚类化合物和芳香胺的氧化,在小分子介体物质存在下,漆酶氧化范围可进一步扩大。白腐菌Pleurotusostreatus3.42产漆酶能力强,可成为工业用漆酶的重要生产者。研究结果表明,其在静止培养条件下,菌体生长及产漆酶能力都优于摇床培养,同时限氮培养也利于漆酶的生产。在所选的碳氮源中,纤维素和酪蛋白为最佳碳氮源。在诱导剂中ABTS诱导效果最佳,添加后漆酶酶活可达1000U／mL。     

T-DNA在丝状真菌中的插入突变及其应用前景

利用根癌农杆菌介导的转化系统已经在酵母菌和多个属种的丝状真菌成功建立起相应的T—DNA插入突变体系,使之有可能成为真菌生理学、生物化学以及发育生物学相关理论研究的潜在工具．综述了丝状真菌质粒DNA转化和T—DNA转化的差别、T—DNA插入突变的主要特点和优点、T—DNA转化丝状真菌的方法以及T—DNA已转化的丝状真菌种类,并对T—DNA插入突变在丝状真菌中的应用前景进行了分析．     

Hydroxylation of Progesterone and Its Derivatives by the Entomopathogenic Strain Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1

Progesterone biotransformation is worth studying because of the high industrial value of its derivatives. This study investigated the catalytic ability of the entomopathogenic filamentous fungus strain Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1 to transform progesterone derivatives: 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 16α,17α-epoxyprogesterone and pregnenolone. In the culture of Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone was effectively transformed into only one product: 6β,11α-dihydroxyprogesterone. Transformation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone gave three hydroxy derivatives: 6β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone, 12β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone and 6β,12β,17α-trihydroxyprogesterone. Two products: 6β-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxyprogesterone and 6β,11α-dihydroxy-16α,17α-epoxyprogesterone, were obtained from the 16α,17α-epoxyprogesterone transformation. We isolated two compounds from the biotransformation medium with pregnenolone: 11α-hydroxy-7-oxopregnenolone and 5α,6α-epoxy-3β,11α-dihydroxypregnan-7,20-dione. In this study, we observed only mono- and dihydroxy derivatives of the tested substrates, and the number of obtained products for each biotransformation did not exceed three.     

冬荪液体深层培养不同时期胞外代谢物研究

为探究冬荪液体深层培养不同时期代谢物动态变化及其关系,基于液体深层培养技术,超高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱联用技术研究了不同发酵时间菌丝体分泌物差异情况.结果表明,534种差异代谢物隶属于有机酸及衍生物、有机氧化合物、苯丙素和聚酮类化合物等13个不同化学类别,有机酸类化合物占比为17.978％是发酵环境成酸性的主要原...     

STUDIES ON THE MYCOFLORA OF MALT

The mycoflora of malt which caused gushing beer has been investigated and compared with the mycoflora of malt from nine malting plants in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and England. Malt which caused gushing beer was found to contain a high proportion of grains contaminated by Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus. The commonest species isolated were found to be Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus amstelodami. These fungi occurred on all malt samples investigated independent of their origin. The mycoflora on malt differs greatly from that found on barley. Evidence is presented showing that barley becomes contaminated during the malting process.     

木塑复合材料的霉腐真菌危害及防霉抗菌剂的应用进展

木塑复合材料(WPCs)是近年来广泛应用的一种新型复合材料,兼有木材和高分子材料二者的优点,但同时也存在一个很大的弊端:易受霉腐真菌的危害。本文主要介绍了霉腐真菌对WPCs的危害情况及防霉抗菌剂的开发生产情况,同时简要阐述了防霉抗菌剂的发展趋势,最后指出开发防霉抗菌剂的必要性和重要性。     

Observation‐based metrics for residential dampness and mold with dose–response relationships to health: A review

An important proportion of respiratory illness is considered attributable to residential dampness or mold (D/M). Developing health‐protective D/M guidelines has been challenging, in part because unhealthy levels of indoor D/M cannot be defined using available microbiological measurements. This review paper explores reported multilevel, observation‐based (eg visual or olfactory) D/M metrics for potential in defining unhealthy levels of residential D/M. For many of the 33 multilevel residential D/M metrics identified, health risks generally increased as observed D/M increased. Although some metrics seemed too complex for practical use, simple metrics had among the strongest associations with health outcomes. Available findings suggest the feasibility of setting observation‐based D/M thresholds to trigger remedial action, using further improved D/M metrics without microbiological measurements (at least until the actual dampness‐related agents that cause illness are better quantified). Additional data would allow setting health‐protective D/M thresholds more precisely. Also, metrics could better reflect hidden D/M by more strongly emphasizing mold odor, which has demonstrated strong associations with health effects.