Biodiversity,Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum

This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index D_s (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.     

响应面法优化从丝状真菌中制取壳聚糖的研究

以黑根霉、黑曲霉作为原料,研究了制备壳聚糖的方法。通过液体发酵获得黑根霉、黑曲霉的菌丝体,经干燥研磨后,比较稀酸稀碱热处理及微波法处理制备壳聚糖的提取效果及产率,并对微波法进行响应面的优化实验。结果表明：微波法较稀酸稀碱法提取效果好,产率高。优化结果：微波火力为480 W,消解时间为15 min,碱浓度为20％。     

纳米材料在储粮中抑制虫霉的研究进展

为了探讨纳米材料在粮食储藏行业中的研究现状和应用前景,本文对近年来纳米材料在储粮中的害虫防治和抑制霉菌方面的研究进行了综述,包括具有杀虫、抑菌的不同纳米材料,对传统农药和新型农药杀虫效果的增效作用,最后总结生物源介导的合成纳米材料的新技术,为推广纳米材料在储粮中抑制虫霉的应用提供理论依据。纳米材料可以作为参与储粮虫霉的防治技术,还可以降低化学药剂对环境的污染,对绿色储粮技术开发提供理论基础和应用参考,为保障国家粮食安全提出新的解决方案。     

建筑室内外空气真菌浓度相关性案例测试分析

选取某高校学生办公室进行室内外空气真菌浓度相关性和粒径的研究.结果表明:室内空气真菌浓度变化范围为1 698～4 429 cfu/m3,最大值出现在12:00;室外浓度范围为3 569?29 452 cfu/m3,最大值也出现在12:00.室内外空气真菌浓度比值均小于1,Spearman相关性分析显示室内外空气真菌呈显...     

Combination Strategy of Genetic Dereplication and Manipulation of Epigenetic Regulators Reveals a Novel Compound from Plant Endophytic Fungus

The strategies of genetic dereplication and manipulation of epigenetic regulators to activate the cryptic gene clusters are effective to discover natural products with novel structure in filamentous fungi. In this study, a combination of genetic dereplication (deletion of pesthetic acid biosynthetic gene, PfptaA) and manipulation of epigenetic regulators (deletion of histone methyltransferase gene PfcclA and histone deacetylase gene PfhdaA) was developed in plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The deletion of PfptaA with PfcclA and/or PfhdaA led to isolation of 1 novel compound, pestaloficiol X (1), as well as another 11 known compounds with obvious yield changes. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of pestaloficiol X was speculated using comparative analysis of homologous biosynthetic gene clusters. Moreover, phenotypic effects on the conidial development and response to oxidative stressors in the mutants were explored. Our results revealed that the new strain with deletion of PfcclA or PfhdaA in ΔPfptaA background host can neutralise the hyperformation of conidia in the PfptaA mutant, and that the ΔPfptaA ΔPfhdaA mutant was generally not sensitive to oxidative stressors as much as the ΔPfptaA ΔcclA mutant in comparison with the single mutant ΔPfptaA or the parental strains. This combinatorial approach can be applied to discover new natural products in filamentous fungi.     

电子水处理器杀菌灭藻效果的研究

研究了在不同的电压下一种电子水处理器对金黄色葡萄球菌,酶母菌和藻类的杀灭作用,结果显示在２０Ｖ和２４Ｖ电压下均有较好的杀菌效果,较高的电压效果较好。经过消息在作用后所产生的活性水对菌也有杀灭作用。     

丛枝菌根真菌在有机污染物污染土壤植物修复中的应用

综述了丛枝菌根真菌-植物体系在有机物污染土壤修复中的效果;分析了丛枝菌根真菌促进植物修复的机理;并探讨了影响丛枝菌根真菌在有机物污染土壤植物修复作用的因素。文章最后总结了目前这一技术存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

纤维二糖脱氢酶的研究进展

纤维二糖脱氢酶(CDH)是由白腐菌、软腐菌及褐腐菌等真菌产生的一种木材降解菌。本文综述了CDH对糖的专一性及与纤维素的相互作用、CDH的酶反应机制和动力学及国内外的CDH的最新应用领域。     

The Identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an Antifungal Metabolite Produced by Cutaneous Bacteria of the Salamander <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plethodon cinereus</Emphasis>

Beneficial bacteria that live on salamander skins have the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi. Our study aimed to identify the specific chemical agent(s) of this process and asked if any of the antifungal compounds known to operate in analogous plant–bacteria–fungi systems were present. Crude extracts of bacteria isolated from salamander skin were exposed to HPLC, UV-Vis, GC-MS, and HR-MS analyses. These investigations show that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol is produced by the bacteria isolate Lysobacter gummosus (AB161361), which was found on the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Furthermore, exposure of the amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (isolate JEL 215), to different concentrations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol resulted in an IC₅₀ value of 8.73 μM, comparable to crude extract concentrations. This study is the first to show that an epibiotic bacterium on an amphibian species produces a chemical that inhibits pathogenic fungi.     

重组真菌腈水解酶的发酵工艺条件及生物催化特性初探【需加急】

对产真菌腈水解酶的重组大肠杆菌的培养基种类、培养基成分、诱导剂种类和浓度、诱导条件、p H和温度进行了系统考察。摇瓶发酵优化结果显示:以甘油作为主要碳源,蛋白胨和酵母膏作为主要氮源,并添加微量元素的SOC培养基作为发酵培养基,最适接种量为0.5%;较优的诱导剂诱导条件为:采用0.5 mmol/L的IPTG诱导12 h,发酵p H=7.5,诱导温度25℃时产酶效果最佳。经过优化后,重组酶的酶活得到了显著提高,总酶活最高达到了3.84 U/m L,相比初始水平(0.84 U/m L)提高约4倍。5 L发酵罐的放大实验表明,产酶效果良好,总酶活和比酶活均与摇瓶水平基本持平。全细胞催化性质考察研究结果表明,该菌株所产腈水解酶催化反应的最适催化反应温度是45℃,最适反应p H约为7.2。