食用菌等生鲜食品液态N2和CO2深冷冻结技术

介绍了食用菌等生鲜食品速冻技术的最新研究进展与应用情况,就速冻食用菌等生鲜食品加工技术的方法、设备、冻结与冻藏工艺进行综述,并对食用菌等生鲜食品的开发利用前景进行了展望。     

云南复烤烟叶不同地点醇化过程中可培养真菌种群分析

为较全面的了解云南复烤烟叶在不同地点醇化过程中真菌多样性,挖掘其中的有益微生物,提高烟草醇化品质,以复烤烟叶为试验材料,利用18S rDNA克隆测序技术,系统研究了其醇化过程中可培养真菌的种群结构。结果表明,醇化过程中,复烤烟叶叶面真菌数量除曲靖仓库在6月有所上升外,其余各地均随着醇化的进行而逐渐下降,其中曲靖和楚雄两地非常接近,元江最少;通过形态特征及18S rDNA鉴定,烟叶叶面真菌包括根霉属真菌、青霉属真菌、曲霉属真菌等24个真菌属（种）。不同地点,不同时期烟叶叶面真菌的数量、种类及优势种群不尽相同,而根霉属真菌始终为优势种群。     

菌菇复合多糖对秀丽线虫氧化胁迫抗性的影响

目的:研究菌菇复合多糖(FHP)的抗氧化效果及作用机制.方法:用化学方法评价FHP体外自由基清除效率,通过秀丽线虫的氧化胁迫存活率试验评价FHP体内抗氧化效果;通过线虫体内氧化胁迫水平检测,胁迫应激关键转录因子活性及其效应基因表达检测和抗氧化酶活性试验等研究FHP的抗氧化活性;通过线虫的寿命试验及脂褐素水平检测研究FH...     

云芝多糖研究进展

近年来,药食用真菌因具有多种生物学功能而受到重视,成为研究热点。云芝多糖由云芝或从其发酵液中分离提取,具有突出的药食用功效和生物活性。文中从云芝多糖的结构、性质、提取纯化、发酵生产、用途与展望等方面进行了综述,为云芝多糖的进一步研究与开发提供参考。     

普洱茶中真菌合成洛伐他汀的能力分析

对从普洱茶中分离的曲霉、青霉和木霉属真菌进行纯培养,采用液相色谱法分析培养基中洛伐他汀的含量,鉴定普洱茶中真菌合成洛伐他汀的能力。结果显示：曲霉属真菌中1株塔宾曲霉、1株温特曲霉和1株烟曲霉具有合成洛伐他汀的能力,在察氏(CYA)培养基中检测到的洛伐他汀含量分别为(9.59±0.42)、(2.33±0.21)、(2.77±0.13)ng/g;青霉属真菌中只有产黄青霉在CYA培养基上能检测到洛伐他汀的存在,检测含量为(3.36±0.69)ng/g;而从普洱茶中分离到的2株木霉属真菌--棘孢木霉和橘绿木霉均具有合成洛伐他汀的能力,在CYA培养基中检测到的洛伐他汀的含量分别为(4.8±0.17)、(1.47±0.36)ng/g。     

电子水处理器杀菌灭藻效果的研究

研究了在不同的电压下一种电子水处理器对金黄色葡萄球菌,酶母菌和藻类的杀灭作用,结果显示在２０Ｖ和２４Ｖ电压下均有较好的杀菌效果,较高的电压效果较好。经过消息在作用后所产生的活性水对菌也有杀灭作用。     

重组真菌腈水解酶的发酵工艺条件及生物催化特性初探【需加急】

对产真菌腈水解酶的重组大肠杆菌的培养基种类、培养基成分、诱导剂种类和浓度、诱导条件、p H和温度进行了系统考察。摇瓶发酵优化结果显示:以甘油作为主要碳源,蛋白胨和酵母膏作为主要氮源,并添加微量元素的SOC培养基作为发酵培养基,最适接种量为0.5%;较优的诱导剂诱导条件为:采用0.5 mmol/L的IPTG诱导12 h,发酵p H=7.5,诱导温度25℃时产酶效果最佳。经过优化后,重组酶的酶活得到了显著提高,总酶活最高达到了3.84 U/m L,相比初始水平(0.84 U/m L)提高约4倍。5 L发酵罐的放大实验表明,产酶效果良好,总酶活和比酶活均与摇瓶水平基本持平。全细胞催化性质考察研究结果表明,该菌株所产腈水解酶催化反应的最适催化反应温度是45℃,最适反应p H约为7.2。     

Cessation of polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in four selected filamentous fungi when grown on plant oils

Four fungi,Conidiobolus nanodes, Entomophthora exitalis, Mortierella isabellina, andMucor circinelloides, were grown on various oils (triolein, sesame, safflower, linseed, and oil fromM. isabellina) and produced lipids in which the fatty acids were predominantly the same as those of the original staring substrate. Only in the first two cases was there evidence of a small amount of chain elongation and of fatty acid desaturation taking place. The extent of this was only about 10% of that seen in glucose-grown cells. The apparent repression of the fatty acid desaturases and elongases was not reversed by growing cells on glucose and oils as mixed substrates—the fatty acid profiles were the same as when the fungi had grown in oils alone. Neither was the cessation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis due to the presence of nonoil components (NOC) in the oil. Only the NOC from sesame oil affected one single conversion, that of 20∶3n-3 to 20∶4n–6. We conclude that fatty acid desaturase and elongase systems are repressed either partially or completely in a filamentous fungi grown on triacylglycerol oils.     

纤维二糖脱氢酶的研究进展

纤维二糖脱氢酶(CDH)是由白腐菌、软腐菌及褐腐菌等真菌产生的一种木材降解菌。本文综述了CDH对糖的专一性及与纤维素的相互作用、CDH的酶反应机制和动力学及国内外的CDH的最新应用领域。     

The Identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an Antifungal Metabolite Produced by Cutaneous Bacteria of the Salamander <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plethodon cinereus</Emphasis>

Beneficial bacteria that live on salamander skins have the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi. Our study aimed to identify the specific chemical agent(s) of this process and asked if any of the antifungal compounds known to operate in analogous plant–bacteria–fungi systems were present. Crude extracts of bacteria isolated from salamander skin were exposed to HPLC, UV-Vis, GC-MS, and HR-MS analyses. These investigations show that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol is produced by the bacteria isolate Lysobacter gummosus (AB161361), which was found on the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Furthermore, exposure of the amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (isolate JEL 215), to different concentrations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol resulted in an IC₅₀ value of 8.73 μM, comparable to crude extract concentrations. This study is the first to show that an epibiotic bacterium on an amphibian species produces a chemical that inhibits pathogenic fungi.