连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数值模拟

连铸中间包的操作条件决定了其内流动现象的复杂性，为此，本文选择两种不同的湍流模型ｋ－ε和ＬＥＳ（Ｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ），建立了描述连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数学模型，并实施了数值计算和模型验证，对单流中间包内的流动现象进行了描述，考察了有，无流动控制情况下中间包内的流动特征和湍流模型的合理性，结果表明，合理的流动控制有利于中间包内非金属夹杂的上浮和吸附，用ｋ－ε模型基本上能够描述     

方柱体镦粗的两个新力学模型

在对平板间镦粗圆柱体的研究［１，２，３］基础上，进一步对普通平板间的方柱体镦粗，进行了工程力学的分析，提出了二个新力学模型，并进行了实验验证。这为形成新的拔长理论［４，６］奠定了力学基础。     

应用人工神经网络理论建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系

本文将人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）用于建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系，意在探索出一种描述材料变形力学行为的新方法。文中给出了应用人工神经网络建立热粘塑性材料本构关系的ＢＰ模型和学习算法过程，并应用于４５号钢在高温和高速变形条件下的流动应力计算。计算结果与实测结果比较表明，二者吻合良好。因此，应用人工神经网络建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系具有重要的工程应用价值。     

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New In Vivo Tool to Evaluate Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity

The high plasticity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) allows them to differentiate and proliferate, specifically when xenotransplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. CSCs are highly tumorigenic, even when inoculated in small numbers. Thus, in vivo limiting dilution assays (LDA) in mice are the current gold standard method to evaluate CSC enrichment and activity. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a low cost, naturally immune-incompetent and reproducible model widely used to evaluate the spontaneous growth of human tumor cells. Here, we established a CAM-LDA assay able to rapidly reproduce tumor specificities—in particular, the ability of the small population of CSCs to form tumors. We used a panel of organotropic metastatic breast cancer cells, which show an enrichment in a stem cell gene signature, enhanced CD44⁺/CD24^−/low cell surface expression and increased mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE). The size of CAM-xenografted tumors correlate with the number of inoculated cancer cells, following mice xenograft growth pattern. CAM and mice tumors are histologically comparable, displaying both breast CSC markers CD44 and CD49f. Therefore, we propose a new tool for studying CSC prevalence and function—the chick CAM-LDA—a model with easy handling, accessibility, rapid growth and the absence of ethical and regulatory constraints.     

Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with diferent grid integration strategies. The transient char? acteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are diferent to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specifc operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efciency while avoid? ing local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simula? tion system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efciency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.     

Prediction of Functional Consequences of Missense Mutations in ANO4 Gene

The anoctamin (TMEM16) family of transmembrane protein consists of ten members in vertebrates, which act as Ca²⁺-dependent ion channels and/or Ca²⁺-dependent scramblases. ANO4 which is primarily expressed in the CNS and certain endocrine glands, has been associated with various neuronal disorders. Therefore, we focused our study on prioritizing missense mutations that are assumed to alter the structure and stability of ANO4 protein. We employed a wide array of evolution and structure based in silico prediction methods to identify potentially deleterious missense mutations in the ANO4 gene. Identified pathogenic mutations were then mapped to the modeled human ANO4 structure and the effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Our data show that the G80A and A500T mutations significantly alter the stability of the mutant proteins, thus providing new perspective on the role of missense mutations in ANO4 gene. Results obtained in this study may help to identify disease associated mutations which affect ANO4 protein structure and function and might facilitate future functional characterization of ANO4.     

PACAP-38 in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Humans and Pigs: A Translational Study

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide expressing its receptors in the cardiovascular system. The aim of our study was to examine tissue PACAP-38 in a translational porcine MI model and plasma PACAP-38 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Significantly lower PACAP-38 levels were detected in the non-ischemic region of the left ventricle (LV) in MI heart compared to the ischemic region of MI-LV and also to the Sham-operated LV in porcine MI model. In STEMI patients, plasma PACAP-38 level was significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to controls, and decreased after PCI. Significant negative correlation was found between plasma PACAP-38 and troponin levels. Furthermore, a significant effect was revealed between plasma PACAP-38, hypertension and HbA1c levels. This was the first study showing significant changes in cardiac tissue PACAP levels in a porcine MI model and plasma PACAP levels in STEMI patients. These results suggest that PACAP, due to its cardioprotective effects, may play a regulatory role in MI and could be a potential biomarker or drug target in MI.     

Effective DOA Estimation Under Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Based on Multi-Source Information Meta Fusion

Efficiently performing high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions has always been a challenge task in the literatures. Obvi-ously, in order to address this problem, the key is how to mine or reveal as much DOA related in-formation as possible from the degraded array outputs. However, it is certain that there is no per-fect solution for low SNR DOA estimation designed in the way of winner-takes-all. Therefore, this paper proposes to explore in depth the complementary DOA related information that exists in spa-tial spectrums acquired by different basic DOA estimators. Specifically, these basic spatial spec-trums are employed as the input of multi-source information fusion model. And the multi-source in-formation fusion model is composed of three heterogeneous meta learning machines, namely neural networks (NN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF). The final meta-spec-trum can be obtained by performing a final decision-making method. Experimental results illus-trate that the proposed information fusion based DOA estimation method can really make full use of the complementary information in the spatial spectrums obtained by different basic DOA estim-ators. Even under low SNR conditions, promising DOA estimation performance can be achieved.     

基于光纤传感技术的泥石流冲击力测量系统与反演方法

目前水槽实验一般采用压电式压力传感器测量泥石流冲击力,这种传统测量模式的电信号易受电线阻抗效应的影响,且没有考虑测量装置受冲击变形对测量结果所产生的影响。针对以上问题,基于光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感技术,设计了悬臂梁式泥石流冲击力测量系统; 基于泥石流的宾汉体模型和受冲击体的本构关系,构建了包含中心波长最大偏移量、结构材料弹性模量和流深的泥石流最大冲击力反演公式。依据测量系统的力-光耦合效应设计水槽实验,开展了7组不同密度(1.8、1.9、2.0 g·cm^-3)的冲击实验工况。结果表明:①数据之间呈现较好的规律性,光纤布拉格光栅中心波长最大偏移量随着密度的增加而增大,同一密度下光纤布拉格光栅中心波长变化过程与泥石流冲击过程相吻合,从而验证了冲击力反演模型和测量系统之间具有良好的适应性; ②冲击力峰值为30.75～74.06 kPa,冲击力系数为0.92～1.95,与泥石流冲击特性相吻合,进而验证了本测量系统在克服传统压电式压力传感器自身缺陷的同时,亦能实现冲击力的稳定可靠测量。     

稀有金属伟晶岩过度冷却与侵位之关系——基于野外地质观察及年代学的思考

稀有金属伟晶岩的结晶过程是认识其成矿作用的重要方面。前人利用冷却模型所推测出的侵入变质围岩的伟晶岩冷却时间为几天至几千年,但对侵位于花岗岩中伟晶岩的结晶过程缺乏相关研究。基于此,对新疆大喀拉苏及镜儿泉地区稀有金属伟晶岩的野外地质观察及年代学研究显示,两处伟晶岩的侵位模式不同,侵位时花岗岩围岩的温度有别。大喀拉苏1号伟晶岩(年龄为(248.4±2.1)～(228.4±0.3)Ma)主要侵位于较冷花岗岩围岩(年龄为(261.4±2.1)Ma)的席理面,边缘可能出现过度冷却。最新铌钽铁矿U-Pb年代学显示,镜儿泉1号锂辉石伟晶岩形成时代为(250.8±1.0)Ma,熔体侵位于温度较高的花岗岩(年龄为(252.9±1.9)Ma)内部断层,其冷却结晶受花岗岩温度及区域地热梯度制约,冷却时间可能超过3 Ma。综上所述,过度冷却模型的适用性、铌钽铁矿U-Pb同位素体系的封闭温度都需要进一步研究,以解释同位素年龄与冷却模型所得结晶时间的显著差异。