考虑期权合约的发电厂商竞标策略

如何利用已有信息确定合理的竞标策略,最大化自己的经济利益是各发电厂商面临的重要问题。基于发电厂商可利用电力市场上的公开信息形成对竞争对手策略行为概率估计的假设,建立了基于期望收益最大化的期权与现货市场2阶段不完全信息古诺博弈模型,给出了求解模型的非线性互补方法,分析了对竞争对手策略行为的概率估计、风险回避因子和猜测变量对发电厂商策略行为的影响,算例分析表明了该方法的有效性。     

ATC enhancement using TCSC via artificial intelligent techniques

Procurement of optimum available transfer capability (ATC) in the restructured electricity industry is a crucial challenge with regards to open access to transmission network. This paper presents an approach to determine the optimum location and optimum capacity of TCSC in order to improve ATC as well as voltage profile. Real genetic algorithm (RGA) associated with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy sets are implemented as a hybrid heuristic technique in this paper to optimize such a complicated problem. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is examined through different case studies.     

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis. Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market-related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.     

分散松弛因子在节点电价分解中的应用

提出一种分散松弛因子的确定方法.这种方法以当前仍具有有功调节能力的发电机组(边际机组)为对象,先计算边际机组有功出力对负荷有功的灵敏度,再按与灵敏度成正比的方法确定分散松弛因子,继而将这种分散松弛因子应用于电力市场中广泛采用的基于直流最优潮流的节点电价分解模型中,弥补了常规算法无法正确反映边际机组的缺陷.数字仿真结果验...     

Electricity supply auctions: Understanding the consequences of the product definition

We study the impact of product definition in electricity auctions. Recognizing the key role of the auction rules—pay as bid, uniform—the definition of the product itself emerges also as a critical step. Poorly designed products may impact both the market performance and the physical operation of the system. We investigate the impacts that the product definition can have on the market outcomes. A product definition implemented in some electricity markets is used to unveil critical aspects that must be considered when electricity products are defined. Our results provide guidelines for improving the product definition in electricity auctions.     

Forest governance and REDD+ in Central Africa: towards a participatory model to increase stakeholder involvement in carbon markets

Forests play a significant role in the global carbon budget, and can help to mitigate climate change impacts. Tropical forests which experience high rates of deforestation and forest degradation are particularly important, as they are the most active in winter. Based on academic research into global environmental policies in Central Africa, this study finds that REDD+ policies can succeed when there is a carbon market mechanism that increases participation by developing countries, with better integration of forest management and community forestry. Incentives should be based on an appropriate baseline, accurate carbon stocks and fluxes estimation, a suitable silvicultural system and regular monitoring.     

An Exploratory Study on the Transition from OEM to OBM: Case Studies of SMEs in Korea

This study investigates how the transformation of latecomer small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies from dependent or subcontracting original equipment manufacturing (OEM) firms into independent or original brand manufacturing (OBM) firms is possible to achieve a significant catch-up in their share of regional or global markets. Given that SMEs are rarely able to make such a transition, we elaborate this dynamic process by performing case studies on eight Korean SMEs. These SMEs created their own paths instead of following their forerunners. These paths are neither entirely new nor take the form of leapfrogging, but are characterized by new combinations of existing paths. We identify several risk factors, such as counterattacks and intellectual property lawsuits, that latecomer SMEs face from incumbent SMEs. In addition, we emphasize the importance of cultivating firm-specific knowledge by engaging in a continuing process of trial and error type in-house experiments.     

Design of regional flexibility markets for electricity: A product classification framework for and application to German pilot projects

With the growing role of distributed energy resources, the electricity network is challenged by numerous technical problems, such as capacity congestion and over- or under-voltage. An often-discussed response, especially in the European zonal electricity system, is to implement regional flexibility markets. We contribute to this discussion by providing a comprehensive classification framework for the design of flexibility products by combining technical requirements with classical auction theory. The framework structures 23 product parameters in four stages of abstraction. By applying the framework to five market approaches used in current German research projects, we demonstrate its usefulness for consistent comparison of flexibility products at a high level of detail. This framework can empower national and international policymakers and practitioners in assessing flexibility markets holistically, thereby facilitating the implementation of sound solutions.     

Prices

Assessed or estimated prices and values for the major types of crude oils traded on spot markets. Updated on a monthly basis. Official sales prices (except as otherwise noted) and are generally market-related, subject in some cases to retroactive adjustment. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Forward contracts in electricity markets and capacity investment: A simulation study

This simulation study analyzes the effect of the introduction of forward markets to mitigate cyclical price behavior in electricity markets from a dynamic extended Cobweb model. We pay particular attention to the effect of lags in investment decisions and the effect of not fully replacing retired capacity in electricity markets. In line with previous research, the introduction of forward markets decreases price variability in comparison to a spot market. However, we also observe that lags in investment decisions and the failure to fully replace retired capacity create capacity investments cycles even in the presence a forward market.