汽气共生热电气联产技术的研究

本文介绍了一种汽气共生热电气三联产新工艺．该工艺是以现有循环流化床技术为基础，集燃烧和气化工艺于一体，能同时产生民用煤气、蒸汽、电力．在小型热态试验以架上进行的一系列试验已成功地证实了该技术的可行性．在此基础上，一台蒸汽产量为７５ｔ／ｈ的热电气三联产装置已完成设计，正在实施之中．     

两段式干煤粉加压气化技术的研究开发

大型煤气化是煤气化联合循环发电及多联产系统的核心技术，介绍了大容量化的先进的干煤粉加压气化技术。我国目前尚不具备设计、制造大型干煤粉加压气化炉的能力，为此，西安热工研究院开发出了具有自主知识产权的两段式干煤粉加压气流床气化技术，并进行了试验研究。结果表明两段式干煤粉加压气化炉的冷煤气效率比国外的技术可提高2～3个百分点,比氧耗减小，自耗功大幅度降低，煤气冷却器及净化系统的设备尺寸减小，造价降低。36～40t/h的半工业性装置的多煤种试验已累计运行2000h，为该技术的工业化奠定了基础。并介绍了目前正在开发中的1000t/d气化炉，将于2008年建成投运。     

壳牌气化技术中关键设备压力容器的制造与检验(一)

根据煤气化装置中最重要的设备———气化关键设备压力容器的制造实践,综合论述了该设备的主要制造工艺、检验和试验的要点     

锌-锡液态金属碳气化反应的实验研究

液态金属气化技术是一种清洁的气化技术。因其原料适应性广,反应系统架构简单,适用于以固体碳为基础的分布式能源供给。反应过程中空气中的氧元素与熔融态的金属床料反应生成金属氧化物,再由碳原料还原氧化物生产含CO的产品气。为提高产品气中CO的比例,系统中引入了氧化锌(ZnO)以促进CO的生成。程序控温气化反应测试结果表明,氧元素由氧化锌向碳的迁移过程是气化反应的控制步骤,拓展熔池内部氧元素迁移路径,强化氧元素由氧化锌向碳的迁移过程是提高液态金属气化速率的重要途径。碱金属碳酸盐(Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3)在高温下形成熔融态的氧传导路径,使得由氧化锌到碳原料的氧传导得到增强,改善了煤气化的反应特性。对不同碱金属碳酸盐的实验结果表明,具有较高氧离子传导率的碳酸盐能够使得熔体具有更好的煤气化特性。采用两种碳酸盐混合物制成的低熔点碳酸盐体系能够在较低温度(约720℃)时发挥氧离子传导的作用,促进气化反应在低温状态下的发生。     

Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Production Based on Coal Gasification Integrated with a Dual Chemical Looping Process

The performance of an innovative hydrogen production technology, which is based on a coal gasification system integrated with a dual chemical looping process, namely, chemical looping air separation (CLAS) and calcium looping CO₂ absorption (CaL), is evaluated. CLAS offers an advantage over other mature technologies in that it can reduce capital costs considerably. CaL is an efficient method for hydrogen production and CO₂ capturing. The proposed technologies are studied by Aspen Plus based on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle. The key factors in terms of reduction temperature, gasification pressure, temperature of water‐gas shift reaction, and water consumption, which proved to have a significant impact on the performance of the whole hydrogen generation process, are discussed.     

煤气化有机热载体炉设计与开发

混合煤气发生炉与有机热载体炉配套使用符合混合煤气生产流程(即不洗涤降温,不贮存,随产随用),有利于提高可燃物质的燃尽率,提高有机热载体炉的热效率,既节能又环保。     

碎煤加压气化技术

综述了碎煤加压气化技术的优势和流程。该技术成熟可靠,煤种适应范围广,是大型氮肥企业可选用的气化技术之一。     

Hydrogen promotion by Co/SiO2@HZSM-5 core-shell catalyst for syngas from plastic waste gasification: The combination of functional materials

In the present work, a core-shell structured Co/SiO₂@HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared for hydrogen production from syngas of plastic waste gasification. The cobalt catalyst was coated with HZSM-5 shell through a hydrothermal process, and the Co/SiO₂@HZSM-5, with different loadings of HZSM-5 (e.g., 10–30 wt %) exhibited excellent activity and durability for dehydrogenation reactions. The amount of HZSM-5 was found to be an important factor for hydrogen production. Temperature-programmed reduction with H₂ and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia was applied to determine the active site and the acidity of prepared catalyst, respectively. The prepared Co/SiO₂@HZSM-5 was tested through reforming of plastic gasification syngas and shown superior hydrogen production ability (∼90%) and stability (over 15 h). The effects of reduction-oxidation behavior on the catalytic performance were also discussed.     

Plasma fixed bed gasification using an Eulerian model

Gasification of solid waste is considered as a green and sustainable solution to perform energy recovery from several waste streams. This work aims to adapt an Euler-Euler multiphase mathematical model to understand the effects of physical and chemical factors, i.e. equivalence ratio (ER), steam to fuel ratio (SFR), and input plasma power of municipal solid waste (MSW) fixed bed gasification. The model is capable of simulating temperature and velocity fields, as well as gas and solid composition variations inside the reactor. A two-step pyrolysis model is used considering the pyrolysis mechanism of cellulose and plastic components. Drying, pyrolysis, homogeneous gas reactions, and heterogeneous combustion/gasification reactions were also included in the model. It was shown that the proposed model could provide accurate predictions against experimental data with a deviation generally lesser than 10%. Conclusion could be drawn that an ER of 0.3 and an SRF of 0.5 seems to be the most favourable conditions in order to obtain a high-quality syngas. Higher plasma power is favourable to obtain a high-quality syngas. However, the high electric power required penalizes the process efficiency and may compromise the economic viability of a plasma gasification project.     

Overview of underground coal gasification operations at Chinchilla,Australia

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a process which converts deep, un-mineable or difficult to mine coal resources into syngas which can then be converted into valuable end products such as electric power, liquid fuels, synthetic natural gas and chemicals. This paper provides a summary of the UCG operations conducted at the Chinchilla Demonstration Facility in Australia, focusing on gasifiers constructed using directional drilling. A number of the experiences and key lessons learned from operating multiple underground gasifiers over several years at the facility are described. Implications for the implementation in commercial projects using UCG are also discussed. Finally, the potential of UCG as a method for producing syngas from deep coal is discussed and some of the challenges and opportunities are summarized.