Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.     

矿渣掺量及激发剂模数对偏高岭土基地聚物常温固化的影响

将粒化高炉矿渣(GGBFS)掺入偏高岭土(MK)中,研究了矿渣掺量对具有常温固化能力胶凝材料稠度、凝结时间及力学性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了偏高岭土-矿渣复合体系的反应机理.结果表明:将矿渣掺入偏高岭土能减小浆体的稠度,缩短其凝结时间;偏高岭土-矿渣复合体系可在常温下固化,得到具有较高强度的硬化浆体;在碱激发作用下偏高岭土-矿渣复合体系发生了地质聚合反应和矿渣水化反应,生成了N-A-S-H凝胶与C-S-H凝胶共存的结构;激发剂模数和偏高岭土与矿渣的质量比是影响反应产物强度的主要因素——矿渣掺量不高于40%(质量分数)时,反应产物的强度随激发剂模数增大而降低;矿渣掺量超过60%后,反应产物强度随激发剂模数增大而提高.     

3D打印地质聚合物的研究进展和应用探索

地质聚合物是一种以铝硅酸盐为原料与碱激发剂反应而成的绿色建筑材料,将该材料应用于增材制造(3D打印)中有助于环境的可持续发展.本文介绍了挤出成型地质聚合物砂浆的研究进展,着重比较了3D打印样品与铸模成型地质聚合物样品的力学性能,此外,简述了粉煤灰基地质聚合物水泥在大型建筑构件增材制造中的应用潜力,及其在金属矿和高价值矿...     

水热条件下偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的抗碳化性能

采用高温纯CO2水溶液加速碳化的方法,通过对不同龄期碳化试样的抗压强度和孔结构测试、渗透率测定及微观形貌分析,并结合净浆水泥石的碳化性能进行同步比较,对偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的碳化性能进行了研究.结果表明:偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的抗碳化能力明显优于净浆水泥石.地聚合物碳化28 d和90 d时,试样的抗压强度分别比同...     

粉煤灰粒径对地质聚合物孔结构及性能的影响

对原状粉煤灰进行分级处理,获得3种不同粒径特征(D50=5.02μm、D50=15.74μm、D50=35.32μm)的粉煤灰颗粒,并利用其制备地质聚合物,研究粉煤灰颗粒粒径对地质聚合物孔隙率、孔径分布、显微结构、抗压强度的影响,探讨了影响抗压强度的关键因素,建立了该体系抗压强度与孔隙率的关系式。结果表明:细化粉煤灰粒径可制备具有高强度、低孔隙率地质聚合物。利用粉煤灰细灰取代粗灰,促进了致密凝胶相的产生,凝胶孔孔隙率明显减小,试样总孔隙率由18.72%降至11.04%;细灰颗粒与铝硅酸盐凝胶结合良好,试样早期强度基本无变化,28 d强度提升明显,达到62.6 MPa。地质聚合物的抗压强度与孔隙率符合y=80.53e~(-2.32x)的指数关系。     

利用冶炼渣制备地聚合物胶凝材料的正交试验研究

以铅锌冶炼渣为硅铝原料,脱硫石膏和水玻璃为激发剂制备了地聚合物胶凝材料。正交试验研究了冶炼渣预粉磨时间、冶炼渣与激发剂混磨时间、脱硫石膏掺量和水玻璃掺量4个因素对地聚合物抗压强度的影响。结果表明:当冶炼渣预粉磨60min、冶炼渣与激发剂混磨70min、脱硫石膏掺量为4wt%、水玻璃掺量为9wt%时,所制的地聚合物3d、7d和28d龄期的抗压强度均较高,分别达到26.03MPa、31.22MPa、36.48MPa。XRD和SEM分析表明:地聚合物的微观结构致密性较好,非晶态凝胶体将未反应完的冶炼渣颗粒紧紧胶结在一起,并有针状钙矾石穿插其中,从而有助于抗压强度的提高。     

粉煤灰基地聚合物的制备及性能研究

以电厂废渣Ⅱ级低钙粉煤灰为原料,利用碱激发搅拌法制备了粉煤灰基地质聚合物。当水玻璃模数为1.2,nSi/nAl为1.96,养护温度为60℃时,强度最高为41.13 MPa,体积密度为1.66 g/cm3;水玻璃的模数、nSi/nAl、养护温度对地质聚合物的强度、体积密度影响较大,随着参数的增加,抗压强度都表现为先增加后降低的趋势;粉煤灰地质聚合物XRD谱图与原灰相比,在29.508°处出现非晶的漫散射宽峰,且莫来石、石英衍射峰降低,说明地质聚合反应已发生,形成一种“半晶态”物质。     

Utilisation of iron ore mine tailings for the production of geopolymer bricks

This study presents a methodology for making bricks, in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner, using the tailings produced from iron ore mines in Western Australia (WA). The study was based on the geopolymerisation process, which is known to conserve energy by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. The reduction is accomplished by avoiding the processes of high temperature kiln firing, traditionally utilised when making bricks from sandy soils with high clay content. In this study, the sodium silicate was added to the mine tailings in powder form, as an activator for the formulation of the geopolymer bricks. The effects of the initial setting time, curing temperature, curing time and activator content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water absorption and other durability properties of the bricks were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to investigate the phase composition of the geopolymer bricks. The bricks achieved an UCS as high as 50.53 MPa for the optimum values of the parameters. Technically, the geopolymer bricks that were produced met both the American Society of Testing and Materials and the Australian Standards (AS) requirements for bricks. A cost analysis of the geopolymer bricks is also presented, and this shows that the cost of geopolymer bricks is lower than that of the commercial, fired clay bricks.     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物凝结时间的影响因素研究

以粉煤灰为原料,系统研究了水玻璃模数及掺量、水胶比、温度、外掺剂等参数对粉煤灰基地质聚合物凝结时间的影响。研究结果表明,随着温度升高,地质聚合物凝结时间显著降低;在10℃条件下,地质聚合物凝结时间随着水玻璃掺量增加而增加,随水玻璃模数增加先增加后减小,水胶比对地质聚合物凝结时间影响较小,掺入Ca(OH)₂会促进地质聚合物的凝结。在粉煤灰掺量100%、水玻璃模数1.2、水玻璃掺量8%、水胶比0.35、养护温度10℃条件下,地质聚合物的初凝及终凝时间分别为65 min和114 min,在养护3 d和28 d后,地质聚合物的强度分别为23 MPa和51.7 MPa。     

基于DIC方法的地聚合物混凝土断裂过程分析

为了量化研究地聚合物混凝土断裂过程参数的演化过程,采用数字图像相关(digital image correlation,DIC)方法及夹持引伸计法对含初始缺口粉煤灰基地聚合物混凝土试样在三点弯曲加载过程中的裂缝口张开位移(CMOD)、裂尖张开位移(CTOD)及裂缝扩展长度进行测试与计算分析.结果表明:DIC测试的裂缝口张开位移与夹持引伸计测试值吻合较好,试样经历了起裂、裂缝的稳态和亚稳态扩展及失稳破坏阶段;基于DIC测试的裂尖张开位移与基于弹性等效的理论计算吻合较好,但基于DIC裂缝扩展长度的测试值与弹性等效裂缝扩展长度的计算值之间存在较大偏差,导致这一差别的主要原因是由于地聚合物混凝土与水泥混凝土一样存在断裂过程区.