Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized upland fields in Thailand

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from fertilized maize fields was measured using a closed chamber at four experimental sites in Thailand. The average measured N₂O flux from unfertilized plots through crop season was 4.16 ± 1.52, 5.05 ± 1.65, 5.25 ± 1.68 and 6.74 ± 2.95 g N₂O-N m^-2 h^-1, at Nakhon Sawan, Phra Phutthabat, Khon Kaen and Chiang Mai, respectively. Increased N₂O emissions by the application of nitrogen fertilizer were 0.22–0.44, 0.19–0.38%, 0.12–0.24 and 0.08–0.15% of the applied N, respectively. Compared to other data, N₂O emission rate to applied nitrogen was not significantly different between the data of Thailand and the Temperate Zone.     

Scalable Realistic Rendering with Many‐Light Methods

Recent years have seen increasing attention and significant progress in many‐light rendering, a class of methods for efficient computation of global illumination. The many‐light formulation offers a unified mathematical framework for the problem reducing the full lighting transport simulation to the calculation of the direct illumination from many virtual light sources. These methods are unrivaled in their scalability: they are able to produce plausible images in a fraction of a second but also converge to the full solution over time. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we give an easy‐to‐follow, introductory tutorial of the many‐light theory; provide a comprehensive, unified survey of the topic with a comparison of the main algorithms; discuss limitations regarding materials and light transport phenomena and present a vision to motivate and guide future research. We will cover both the fundamental concepts as well as improvements, extensions and applications of many‐light rendering.     

浅谈当前环境保护工作现状及对策

随着经济的飞速发展,我国的环境状况在不断恶化。就目前的环境现状、环境污染问题和环境保护工作现状进行了详细分析和阐述,并对环境保护工作提出参考和建议。     

Addressing the CO2 dilemma

Perspectives are offered for reducing the impact of huge amounts of CO₂ produced today from power generation and transportation vehicles. The origins of the dilemma between the world’s increasing use of hydrocarbons as an energy source and the cogeneration of CO₂ which results as a co-product are discussed. Hydrocarbons will provide much of the fuel needs for these major, global industries for the next 20 years and meet 60% of the world’s energy demand. With the growth of both power generation and transportation vehicles around the world, CO₂ levels will continue to increase in the atmosphere. Renewables such as wind, dams, and biomass will not be able to handle all the energy demand. Technology breakthroughs are needed to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, which will be aggravated by the drive to use more coal. Current approaches for removing CO₂ are discussed as well as near term and future options with particular focus on how catalysis can offer some solutions. In particular, solar photocatalysis based approaches offer a potentially viable energy solution.     

带两类正态变异的PSO 算法

针对基本粒子群优化算法(PSO)容易陷入局部最优点和收敛速度较慢的缺点,提出在PSO更新过程中加入两类基于正态分布投点的变异操作。一类变异用来增强局部搜索能力,另一类变异用来提高发现全局最优点的能力,避免所有粒子陷入到一个局部最优点的邻域内。数值结果表明,所提出算法的全局搜索能力有显著提高,并且收敛速度更快。     

自适应收扩系数的双中心协作QPSO算法

针对量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法迭代后期种群多样性下降、收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出一种自适应收缩-扩张系数的双中心协作最子粒子群优化算法。该算法从2个方面进行改进:(1)自适应调节收缩-扩张系数,其目的是帮助粒子跳出局部最优点,提高粒子的全局搜索能力;(2)双重更新全局最优位置,即在每次迭代中,先后分别采用2种不同的方式更新全局最优位置。第1种方式与QPSO算法一致,第2种方式则引入双中心粒子,使其和当前全局最优位置在相应维度上合作,从而达到更新全局最优位置的目的。从固定迭代次数和固定精度角度分析算法性能,仿真结果表明,相比于QPSO算法,该算法在保证复杂度较低的情况下,可提高收敛速度,增强全局和局部搜索能力。     

微分进化算法整数编码策略实现研究

微分进化算法（DE）是模仿生物进化“优胜劣汰、适者生存”的一种随机优化算法,具有简单、快速、鲁棒性好等特点,已经得到广泛应用.通过运用微分进化算法的整数编码方法,在整数空间中求解,并在实数空间中计算解的适应度.使用测试函数对程序进行测试,证明了整数编码解对空间个体中寻优的快速性、准确性.     

基于STL文件的Laplacian网格优化算法

针对直接重构得到且以STL文件格式存储的网格模型质量不高的问题, 提出了一种基于Laplacian坐标的网格模型全局优化算法。该算法在提高三角面片质量的同时可以很好地保持原网格模型的局部几何特征, 其核心思想是通过在最小二乘意义下求解由权重控制的包含顶点位置和拉普拉斯坐标双重约束的线性系统来对网格顶点进行重新定位。从实验结果可以看出, 该算法较以往的Lapacian优化算法在对网格细节特征的保持上有一定优势。     

关于控制氯代烃的政策选择

本文分析了氯代烃的生产所引起的环境问题,并提出了减少氯代烃环境影响的政策选择的基本原则。     

Effect of low-sulfur fuels upon NH3 and N2O emission during operation of commercial three-way catalytic converters

The use of low-sulfur fuel is known to improve the performance of the three-way catalytic converter (TWC). However, in this work we report how low-sulfur operation of commercial TWC also favors formation of N₂O and NH₃ as by products. We found that low-sulfur rich operation above 300 °C increases the production of NH₃, inhibiting the formation of N₂O characteristic of high-sulfur operation. During lean operation, the production of N₂O near the stoichiometric point is not significantly affected by the sulfur level. The large production of N₂O observed during light-off is not affected by SO₂ when the operation is lean, but under rich conditions N₂O is produced up to 575 °C. The increased production of NH₃ and N₂O in TWC as a result of the introduction of low-sulfur gasoline is an area that requires further analysis because of its implication upon public health in large urban settings.