甲壳质纤维的制备及应用

甲壳质及其衍生物具有天然的生物活性及良好的成膜成纤性能 ,已被广泛地应用到医药、纺织、食品、化工等多个领域。介绍了甲壳素纤维的制备、性能 ,并简述其在纺织领域中的应用     

聚丙烯腈原丝纺丝溶液的合成

以偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN)为引发剂 ,研究了丙烯腈与丙烯酸甲酯在二甲基亚砜溶剂中的自由基均相溶液共聚合反应。考察了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、单体配比 ,反应温度和时间等对共聚反应的影响。分别用称重法和乌氏粘度计测定了反应的转化率和产物的相对分子质量。研究结果表明 ,制备高性能聚丙烯腈纺丝溶液最佳的反应条件是 :总单体浓度2 5 % ,AIBN占总单体浓度 1% ,反应温度为 6 0℃ ,时间为 30h     

造粒熔融尿液管压扁原因分析及处理

从温差应力和外压溶器失稳方面分析了造粒熔融尿液管被压扁的原因,并提出了解决措施。     

尿素旋风水洗除尘工艺

阐述了旋流水洗除尘工艺回收尿素风选尾气中的尿素粉尘 ,对该工艺流程及旋流板设计作了较详细的介绍 ,并对改造效果作出评价     

CeO2–ZrO2 Solid Solution Catalyst for Selective Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methanol and Carbon Dioxide

CeO₂–ZrO₂ solid solution catalysts are very effective for the selective synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO₂. The activity was much dependent on the calcination temperature. The higher the calcination temperature, the higher the activity of the catalyst for DMC formation, though the BET surface area is lower on the catalyst calcined at higher temperature.     

用WD—3活化剂改造本菲尔脱碳工艺

在对本菲尔脱碳装置运行现状和化热钾碱技术分析总结的基础上,提出用WD－3活化剂对本菲尔脱碳系统进行改造的方案。结果表明,在脱碳溶液中加入0．65％WD－3即可在保证净化度情况下使脱碳半贫液循环量减少10％以上,同时吨氨活化剂的损耗低于0．015kg,溶液体系发泡性能也有所改善,达到了节能降耗的目的,使活化热钾碱脱碳技术水平上了一个新台阶。     

正渗透—纳滤耦合处理苦咸水脱盐工艺

以2 000 mg/L氯化钠模拟苦咸水,采用二价无机盐作为汲取液,研究了正渗透淡化苦咸水时的水通量;通过软件计算和试验研究了不同组成汲取液的纳滤性能,并且设计了二级纳滤系统用于汲取液的回收。结果表明:相同浓度时硫酸镁汲取液正渗透水通量最低,而氯化镁汲取液水通量最高;相反在纳滤过程中,硫酸镁汲取液性能最佳,氯化镁最差;稀释硫酸钠汲取液浓度为30 g/L时,二级纳滤过程可以将汲取液浓缩至初始浓度(60 g/L),并制得浓度低于500 mg/L的产水。     

乙二醇对NiMoP/Al2O3上二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的影响

在NiMoP浸渍液中添加不同含量乙二醇,制备了一系列NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂,以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,考察有机添加剂乙二醇对NiMoP/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,乙二醇的加入显著提高催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,乙二醇中的羟基与Ni物质的量比为5∶1时,催化剂的加氢脱硫活性最高。乙二醇明显改善NiMoP/Al₂O₃催化剂的加氢性能。     

Effect of PVP Molecular Weights on the Properties of PVDF-TiO2 Composite Membrane for Oily Wastewater Treatment Process

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes consisted of TiO₂ and different molecular weight (M_w) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (i.e., 10, 24, 40, and 360 kDa) were prepared to treat synthesized oily wastewater. The membrane performances were characterized in terms of pure water flux, permeate flux, and oil rejection while their morphological properties were studied using SEM, AFM, and tensile tester. Results show that the PVDF-TiO₂ composite membrane prepared from PVP40k was the best performing membrane owing to its promising water flux (72.2 L/m².h) coupled with good rejection of oil (94%) when tested with 250 ppm oily solution under submerged condition. It is also found that with increasing PVP M_w, the membrane tended to exhibit higher PVP and protein rejection, greater mechanical strength, smaller porosity, and a smoother surface layer. Regarding the effect of pH, the permeate flux of the PVDF-PVP40k membrane was reported to increase with increasing pH from 4 to 7, followed by decrease when the pH was further increased to 10. Increasing oil concentration in the feed solution was reported to negatively affect the water flux of PVDF-PVP40k membrane, owing to the formation of thicker oil layer on the membrane surface which increased water transport resistance. A simple backflushing process on the other hand could retrieve approximately 60% of the membrane original flux without affecting the oil separation efficiency. Based on the findings, the PVDF-TiO₂ membrane prepared from PVP40k can be potentially considered for oily wastewater treatment process due to its good combination of permeability and selectivity and reasonably high water recovery rate.     

Effective regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial V-W-Ti catalysts

An effective method for the regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial monolith SCR catalysts was investigated. Two types of regenerated solutions, namely NH₄Cl (1 mol/L) and dilute H₂SO₄ (0.5 mol/L), were employed to treat the used catalyst. The effects of temperature and the regeneration process on the structural and textural properties of the catalysts were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that the anatase phase of the used catalyst is maintained after exposure to high temperatures. Some of the catalytic activity was restored after regeneration. The catalyst regenerated by aqueous NH₄Cl had a higher activity than that of the catalyst treated by dilute H₂SO₄. The main reason is that the NH₃ generated from the decomposition of NH₄Cl at high temperatures can be adsorbed onto the catalyst which promotes the reaction. The aggregated V₂O₅ were partially re-dispersed during the regeneration process, and the intrinsic oxidation of ammonia with high concentrations of O₂ is a factor that suppresses the catalytic activity.