水溶剂法合成葡萄糖脂肪酸酯

对水溶剂法合成葡萄糖脂肪酸酯的工艺作了正交设计实验,优选出水溶剂法合成葡萄糖脂肪酸酯的工艺参数为:n(葡萄糖)∶n(脂肪酸甲酯)=1.5∶1,乳化剂用量15%,催化剂用量2%,反应温度120℃,反应时间为2h。用此工艺参数可获得产率大于80%,单酯含量50%以上的葡萄糖脂肪酸酯的产品。     

吸附分离果糖和葡萄糖的基础研究

对国产的四种吸附剂吸附分离果糖和葡萄糖混合物的分离度进行了测定,筛选小了一种较为理想的吸附剂——D001型离子交换树脂;并对该树脂吸附果糖和葡萄糖的有关平衡数据进行了测定,为设计模拟移动床吸附分离装置提供了必要的数据。     

An investigation into the occurrence of sewage fungus in rivers containing papermill effluents—II. Chemical analysis of mill effluents

This is the second in a series of four articles describing research undertaken at PIRA during 1978–1980 on the causes and prevention of sewage fungus growth in rivers receiving paper and board mill effluents. This paper describes the sampling and analytical programme at three U.K. paper and board mills, the objective of which was to characterise the dissolved organic matter in final effluents and component wastewater streams. The analyses conducted were dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbohydrate, glucose, gelatin, melamine, hydrolysed sugars and molecular weight distribution. The results are related to the raw materials and manufacturing processes used at each mill site.     

An investigation into the occurrence of sewage fungus in rivers containing papermill effluents—III. Removal of sewage fungus nutrients

This is the third in a series of four articles describing research undertaken at PIRA during 1978–1980 on the causes and prevention of sewage fungus growth in rivers receiving paper and board mill effluents. This paper describes pilot scale trials carried out at two papermills to assess various treatment systems for removal of BOD and effluents were biological filtration through plastic media, activated sludge, multi-media mechanical filtration and hydrogen peroxide addition. Both biological systems proved effective, but mechanical filtration showed no clear benefit. Hydrogen peroxide addition was able to remove a substantial proportion of the free glucose concentration, but verification of the direct effect on sewage fungus growth was impeded by the poor sewage fungus growth generated by the untreated clarified effluent at this time.     

Degradation Kinetics of Xylose and Glucose in Hydrolysate Containing Dilute Sulfuric Acid

In preparation of fuel alcohol from biomass as feedstock, hydrolysis with dilute acid as catalyst is one way to produce fermentable saccharide, xylose and glucose. However, the acid is also the catalyst in degradation of xylose and glucose and the yield of sacchride is dependent on the kinetic behaviors of saccharide. The degradation kinetics of xylose and glucose in the hydrolysate was investigated under the conventional process conditions of hydrogen ion concentration from 0.05 to 0.2 mol/L and temperature from 150 to 200℃. With a numerical calculation method, the kinetic parameters were estimated, and the activation energy of xylose and glucose in the degradation reaction was obtained. The kinetic equations correlating the effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the rate constants of degradation reaction were established. Comparison between the calculated results from the equations and experimental ones proved that the established kinetic model could satisfactorily predict the degradation behavior of xylose and glucose in the acidic hydrolysate.     

Slow digestion-oriented dietary strategy to sustain the secretion of GLP-1 for improved glucose homeostasis

Dysregulated glucose metabolism is associated with many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and strategies to restore and maintain glucose homeostasis are essential to health. The incretin hormone of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is known to play a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis and dietary nutrients are the primary stimuli to the release of intestinal GLP-1. However, the GLP-1 producing enteroendocrine L-cells are mainly distributed in the distal region of the gastrointestinal tract where there are almost no nutrients to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 under normal situations. Thus, a dietary strategy to sustain the release of GLP-1 was proposed, and the slow digestion property and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of food components, approaches to reduce the rate of food digestion, and mechanisms to sustain the release of GLP-1 were reviewed. A slow digestion-oriented dietary approach through encapsulation of nutrients, incorporation of viscous dietary fibers, and enzyme inhibitors of phytochemicals in a designed whole food matrix will be implemented to efficiently reduce the digestion rate of food nutrients, potentiate their distal deposition and a sustained secretion of GLP-1, which will be beneficial to improved glucose homeostasis and health.     

响应面法优化辅助降糖降脂的海藻果蔬提取物复配配方

以配方组分对α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶活力的抑制效果——半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration,IC50）为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面法研究羊栖菜水提物配比、姜黄素配比和安石榴苷配比对配方抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶活力的影响,优化复配配方。结果表明,海藻果蔬提取物复配配方的最佳配比为m（羊栖菜水提物）∶m（姜黄素）∶m（安石榴苷）＝150∶6∶3。实际检测最佳配方的α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶抑制率分别为（47.77±2.15）%和（74.18±0.46）%,与响应面回归方程预测值相近,说明该回归模型能够较好地优化配方。该配方对α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶的IC50分别为（0.56±0.04） mg/mL和（0.210 0±0.000 3）mg/mL,具有良好的辅助降糖降脂的效果。本研究为开发辅助降糖降脂的保健食品提供了科学依据,有助于提高海藻果蔬自然资源的利用率。     

复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱模型大鼠的降血糖活性研究

目的:评估复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠的降血糖作用.方法:用高脂饮食和地塞米松构建胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠模型,普通饲料为阴性对照,二甲双胍为阳性对照,测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及糖负荷0.5 h后血糖值和血糖曲线下面积指标,并测定其血脂指标数据.结果:正常大鼠的空腹血糖未受到复合杏仁粉的影响(P＞0.05);建模成功后...     

The Effect of Far-Infrared Therapy on the Peritoneal Expression of Glucose Degradation Products in Diabetic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Dextrose is a common osmotic agent used in PD solutions and its absorption may exacerbate diabetes mellitus, a common complication of ESRD. PD solutions also contain glucose degradation products (GDPs) that may lead to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), a severe complication of PD. A previous study showed that far-infrared (FIR) therapy improved a patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms due to EPS. Due to limited literature on the matter, this study aims to investigate dialysate GDPs and peritoneal function in diabetic patients on PD. Thirty-one PD patients were enrolled and underwent 40 min of FIR therapy twice daily for six months. We demonstrated the effect of FIR therapy on the following: (1) decrease of methylglyoxal (p = 0.02), furfural (p = 0.005), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (p = 0.03), (2) increase of D/D0 glucose ratio (p = 0.03), and (3) decrease of potassium levels (p = 0.008) in both DM and non-DM patients, as well as (4) maintenance and increase of peritoneal Kt/V in DM and non-DM patients, respectively (p = 0.03). FIR therapy is a non-invasive intervention that can decrease dialysate GDPs in PD patients by improving peritoneal transport rate and solute removal clearance, while also maintaining dialysis adequacy.     

New Insights of SF1 Neurons in Hypothalamic Regulation of Obesity and Diabetes

Despite the substantial role played by the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, the exact mechanisms and neuronal circuits underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. In the last 15 years, investigations using transgenic models, optogenetic, and chemogenetic approaches have revealed that SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus are a specific lead in the brain’s ability to sense glucose levels and conduct insulin and leptin signaling in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, with minor feeding control. Deletion of hormonal receptors, nutritional sensors, or synaptic receptors in SF1 neurons triggers metabolic alterations mostly appreciated under high-fat feeding, indicating that SF1 neurons are particularly important for metabolic adaptation in the early stages of obesity. Although these studies have provided exciting insight into the implications of hypothalamic SF1 neurons on whole-body energy homeostasis, new questions have arisen from these results. Particularly, the existence of neuronal sub-populations of SF1 neurons and the intricate neurocircuitry linking these neurons with other nuclei and with the periphery. In this review, we address the most relevant studies carried out in SF1 neurons to date, to provide a global view of the central role played by these neurons in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.